Biology 104 Study Guide - Answer Key

Biology 104 Study Guide - Answer Key

Answer Key (Complete)

• 1. D
• 2. A
• 3. A
• 4. A
• 5. B
• 6. E
• 7. D
• 8. B
• 9. C
• 10. B
• 11. D
• 12. C
• 13. A
• 14. C
• 15. B
• 16. D
• 17. D
• 18. C
• 19. C
• 20. E
• 21. A
• 22. B
• 23. C
• 24. C
• 25. C
• 26. A
• 27. C
• 28. B
• 29. D
• 30. A
• 31. B
• 32. C
• 33. C
• 34. B
• 35. A
• 36. E
• 37. B
• 38. C
• 39. C
• 40. A
• 41. C
• 42. B
• 43. A
• 44. D
• 45. E
• 46. D
• 47. C
• 48. C
• 49. C
• 50. D
• 51. A
• 52. C
• 53. C
• 54. D
• 55. D
• 56. A
• 57. E
• 58. B
• 59. C
• 60. C
• 61. D
• 62. B
• 63. A
• 64. C
• 65. D
• 66. E
• 67. F
• 68. G
• 69. H
• 70. I
• 71. J
• 72. K
• 73. L
• 74. M
• 75. N

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1

• An animal with bilateral symmetry
    - a. has left and right sides.
    - b. usually displays cephalization.
    - c. produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.
    - d. has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization.
    - e. has left and right sides, usually displays cephalization, and produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.

Question 2

• Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?
    - a. The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
    - b. The first opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
    - c. The second opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
    - d. The second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
    - e. The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus and the second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.

Question 3

• All animals are
    - a. multicellular, heterotrophic, and diploid.
    - b. multicellular, heterotrophic, and haploid.
    - c. multicellular, autotrophic, and diploid.
    - d. multicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.
    - e. unicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.

Question 4

• Which of the following are most closely related to the choanoflagellates?
    - a. animals
    - b. fungi
    - c. algae
    - d. amoebozoans
    - e. none of these

Question 5

• Poriferans are
    - a. herbivores.
    - b. filter feeders.
    - c. scavengers.
    - d. predators.
    - e. carnivores.

Question 6

• Nematocysts are used for
    - a. reproduction.
    - b. excretion.
    - c. muscle action.
    - d. circulation.
    - e. defense.

Question 7

• The organs of excretion in flatworms are
    - a. nephridia.
    - b. contractile vacuoles.
    - c. Malpighian tubules.
    - d. flame cells.
    - e. book lungs.

Question 8

• Animals that are hermaphroditic usually
    - a. fertilize their own eggs.
    - b. cross-fertilize.
    - c. donate eggs to other individuals.
    - d. cannot reproduce sexually.
    - e. fit all of these descriptions.

Question 9

• Nephridia are
    - a. circulatory organs.
    - b. respiratory organs.
    - c. excretory organs.
    - d. endocrine organs.
    - e. part of the nervous system.

Question 10

• The figure above represents
    - a. a cephalopod beak.
    - b. a chiton's "tongue."
    - c. a bivalve penis.
    - d. a squid claw.
    - e. none of these.

Question 11

• A radula is an organ found in
    - a. gastropods.
    - b. chitons.
    - c. bivalves.
    - d. gastropods and chitons.
    - e. gastropods, chitons, and bivalves.

Question 12

• "Tardigrada" means
    - a. tough exoskeleton.
    - b. many proglottids.
    - c. slow walker.
    - d. short digestive system.
    - e. coelom.

Question 13

• Which of the following have a flexible cuticle, longitudinal muscles, a complete digestive system, and a false coelom?
    - a. nematodes
    - b. cnidarians
    - c. flatworms
    - d. echinoderms
    - e. sponges.

Question 14

• Which of the following is NOT a major feature of arthropods?
    - a. jointed appendages
    - b. exoskeleton
    - c. paired segmental nephridia
    - d. specialized and fused-together segments
    - e. specialized sensory structures.

Question 15

• Exoskeletons are most characteristic of
    - a. Mollusca
    - b. Arthropoda
    - c. Nematoda
    - d. Chordata
    - e. Annelida.

Question 16

• Which of the following groups can be distinguished from other arthropods by its two pairs of antennae?
    - a. insects
    - b. millipedes
    - c. chelicerates
    - d. crustaceans
    - e. trilobites.

Question 17

• Which of the following groups contains organisms that produce free-living larvae?
    - a. cnidarians
    - b. echinoderms
    - c. arthropods
    - d. cnidarians and echinoderms
    - e. cnidarians, echinoderms, and arthropods.

Question 18

• Sharks differ from most other fish in that they lack
    - a. gill slits.
    - b. scales.
    - c. bone.
    - d. paired appendages.
    - e. teeth.

Question 19

• Most amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for
    - a. respiration.
    - b. feeding.
    - c. reproduction.
    - d. respiration and reproduction.
    - e. respiration, reproduction, and feeding.

Question 20

• All crocodilians
    - a. live in or near water.
    - b. are predators with sharp teeth.
    - c. have a four-chambered heart.
    - d. have powerful jaws.
    - e. fit all of these descriptions.

Question 21

• Which is NOT one of the four extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg?
    - a. albumin
    - b. amnion
    - c. chorion
    - d. allantois
    - e. yolk sac.

Question 22

• Egg-laying mammals
    - a. hatch fully developed young from their eggs.
    - b. are monotremes.
    - c. are hairless.
    - d. are confined to South America.
    - e. bear their young into permanent pouches.

Question 23

• Which group of mammals exhibits the widest distribution and greatest diversity?
    - a. marsupials
    - b. monotremes
    - c. placentals
    - d. marsupials and monotremes
    - e. placentals and monotremes.

Question 24

• The number of individuals in a specified portion of habitat is the population's
    - a. distribution.
    - b. carrying capacity.
    - c. density.
    - d. size.
    - e. birth rate.

Question 25

• What distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?
    - a. random
    - b. uniform
    - c. clumped
    - d. stratified or layered
    - e. homogeneous.

Question 26

• The distribution of social animals is likely to be
    - a. clumped.
    - b. random.
    - c. uniform.
    - d. constant.
    - e. homogeneous.

Question 27

• A population of wolf spiders exemplifies a
    - a. clumped
    - b. random
    - c. uniform
    - d. constant
    - e. homogeneous
    - population distribution.

Question 28

• Zero population growth is achieved
    - a. when a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
    - b. when emigration and immigration are balanced, and the number of births equals the number of deaths.
    - c. anytime that births exceed deaths.
    - d. anytime that deaths exceed births.
    - e. when emigration and immigration are prevented.

Question 29

• Populations
    - a. are only limited by one factor at a time.
    - b. increase arithmetically.
    - c. may increase indefinitely.
    - d. are limited by the carrying capacity.
    - e. overcome limiting factors by increasing their biotic potential.

Question 30

• The effect of resource availability on population size determines
    - a. the carrying capacity of the environment.
    - b. exponential growth.
    - c. the doubling time of a population.
    - d. the population's biotic potential.
    - e. all of these.

Question 31

• Density-independent factors that limit population growth include
    - a. parasites.
    - b. temperature.
    - c. disease.
    - d. competition.
    - e. predation.

Question 32

• The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated by
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 33

• The effect of population growth limiting factors begin to become evident at about
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 34

• The population is in exponential growth at
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 35

• A rapidly growing population is indicated by
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. none of these.

Question 36

• China's population control policies have resulted in a(n)
    - a. sharp decrease in its total fertility rate.
    - b. shift in its gender ratio.
    - c. increase in the abortion of female fetuses.
    - d. ratio of 1.19 males for every female.
    - e. all of these.

Question 37

• All of the populations of different species that occupy and are adapted to a given area are
    - a. the biosphere.
    - b. a community.
    - c. an ecosystem.
    - d. a niche.
    - e. an ecotone.

Question 38

• A one-way relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of another is
    - a. commensalism.
    - b. competitive exclusion.
    - c. parasitism.
    - d. obligate mutualism.
    - e. a neutral relationship.

Question 39

• An interaction in which one species benefits and the second species is neither harmed nor benefited is
    - a. mutualism.
    - b. parasitism.
    - c. commensalism.
    - d. competition.
    - e. predation.

Question 40

• An interaction between two species in which both species benefit is
    - a. mutualism.
    - b. parasitism.
    - c. commensalism.
    - d. competition.
    - e. predation.

Question 41

• The images above are an example of
    - a. mimicry.
    - b. display behavior.
    - c. warning coloration.
    - d. chemical defenses.
    - e. camouflage.

Question 42

• Which bird is a social parasite and lays its eggs in the nests of other birds?
    - a. catbird
    - b. cowbird
    - c. Kirtland warbler
    - d. magpie
    - e. blue jay.

Question 43

• The primary consumers in natural communities are
    - a. herbivores.
    - b. carnivores.
    - c. scavengers.
    - d. decomposers.
    - e. all of these.

Question 44

• Which of the following are in order from primary producer to 4th trophic level?
    - a. grass: coyote: bird: grasshopper
    - b. coyote: bird: grasshopper: grass
    - c. bird: grasshopper: grass: coyote
    - d. grass: grasshopper: bird: coyote
    - e. none of these.

Question 45

• Which of the following is NOT dependent on the others as a source of food?
    - a. carnivores
    - b. herbivores
    - c. producers
    - d. detritivores
    - e. decomposers.

Question 46

• A second level consumer is indicated by
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 47

• An herbivore is indicated by
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 48

• The most amount of energy is available to
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 49

• How many levels of consumption are depicted in the figure?
    - a. 1
    - b. 2
    - c. 3
    - d. 4
    - e. 5.

Question 50

• Which of the following represents energy flow in a grazing food web?
    - a. producers >>> detritivores >>> decomposers
    - b. producers >>> decomposers >>> detritivores
    - c. producers >>> herbivores >>> decomposers >>> carnivores
    - d. producers >>> herbivores >>> carnivores >>> decomposers
    - e. producers >>> herbivores >>> detritivores >>> carnivores.

Question 51

• The figure illustrates
    - a. a pyramid of energy.
    - b. a pyramid of biomass.
    - c. a grazing food web.
    - d. a detrital food web.
    - e. the recycling of energy in an ecosystem.

Question 52

• Carnivores are indicated by
    - a. A.
    - b. B.
    - c. C.
    - d. D.
    - e. E.

Question 53

• The ultimate source of all energy in a terrestrial ecosystem is
    - a. the organic matter in all the organisms of the ecosystem.
    - b. electrons from water molecules.
    - c. sunlight.
    - d. ATP.
    - e. inorganic mineral ions in the soil.

Question 54

• Most of the water vapor in the earth's atmosphere comes from evaporation from
    - a. lakes.
    - b. rivers.
    - c. land.
    - d. oceans.
    - e. plants.

Question 55

• Which of the photographs in the above figure represents the angiosperms?
    - a. moss
    - b. fern
    - c. conifer
    - d. monocot
    - e. all of these.

Question 56

• Which of the photographs in the above figure represents the bryophyte?
    - a. moss
    - b. fern
    - c. conifer
    - d. monocot
    - e. all of these.

Question 57

• Which of the following is NOT true of xylem?
    - a. conducts water up the plant
    - b. conducts mineral ions up the plant
    - c. connects with roots
    - d. connects with leaves
    - e. transports sugars.

Question 58

• The cuticle of a plant is primarily for
    - a. retention of water.
    - b. conduction of water.
    - c. absorption of carbon dioxide.
    - d. protection from strong sunlight.
    - e. mechanical support.

Question 59

• In the above figure, which of the following would have a diploid number of chromosomes?
    - a. A
    - b. B
    - c. C
    - d. D
    - e. both A and B.

Question 60

• The key innovation that helped sporophyte dominant plants survive in high, dry environments is
    - a. spores.
    - b. the cuticle.
    - c. xylem.
    - d. phloem.
    - e. lignin.

Question 61

• Which of the following is NOT true concerning conifers?
    - a. They form seeds in female cones.
    - b. They have needlelike and scale-like leaves.
    - c. They have a thick cuticle.
    - d. They have motile sperm.
    - e. They are mostly evergreen.

Question 62-70: Matching

• 62. birds
• 63. bony fishes
• 64. caecilians
• 65. humans
• 66. lampreys
• 67. lancelets
• 68. opossum
• 69. crocodile
• 70. placoderms
• 71. platypus
• 72. salamanders
• 73. sharks
• 74. snakes
• 75. tunicates

Definitions for Various Terms

• Age Structure: The distribution of individuals at each age level in a population.
• Population Growth Rate: The birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward migration.
• Limiting Factor: A resource or condition that limits the growth or distribution of organisms in an ecosystem.
• J-Shaped Curve: Describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth.
• Detritus: Particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues.
• Primary Productivity: The rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis.
• Gross Primary Production: Total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis.
• Net Primary Production: The potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that can be passed on to other trophic levels.