Final test

  • What two phases of the heart rresting and working phase

  • What’s the cardio vascular and what disorders are associated

  • Normal values for vital signs

  • What’s dystolic and systolic

  • Guideline for good skin care (bed good, )

  • Age related changes for reproductive system

  • What the care plan is

  • What’s critical thinking

  • Person center care

  • Chronica and acute pain and characteristics

  • What RACE AND PASS IS

  • what’s neglect and example

  • Diversion of drugs

  • Know what dignity is

  • 5 stages of grief

  • Hospice

  • Stages of Alzheimer’s is

  • Dimentia

  • Age related changes for nervous system

  • Another name for stoke CVA

  • What’s obra

  • Professional behaviors of nurse aid

  • Immune system and common disorder

  • What’s PPE

  • Standard precaution

  • Localized infection

  • Medical asepsis is

  • Stages of chain of infection

  • Endocrine system and common disorder What’s

  • Guidelines to prevent dehydration

  • What’s a clear liquid diet and examples

  • What healthy nutrient  is and poor

  • Digestive system does

  • Common disorder of the digestive system

  • Age related changes of digestive

  • Incontnence is can’t control bladder

  • What pronation opposition are

  • Skeleton system is

  • Adaptive devices (spoon or big Handel things)

  • Bladder training and its goal

  • Basic restorative care

  • What’s prosthesis is

  • ABC

  • DEFINE restrain free environment

  • Guidelines for using a restrain


  • Cardiovascular & Vital Signs:

    • Heart Phases: Systole is the working/contraction phase pumping blood; diastole is the resting/relaxation phase filling with blood.

    • Normal Vital Signs: Blood pressure (90/60 mmHg90/60\text{ mmHg} to 120/80 mmHg120/80\text{ mmHg}), pulse (60 to 100 bpm60\text{ to }100\text{ bpm}), respirations (12 to 20 breaths/min12\text{ to }20\text{ breaths/min}), and oral temperature (97.6∘F to 99.6∘F97.6^\circ\text{F}\text{ to }99.6^\circ\text{F}).

    • Common Disorders: Hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (heart attack), and congestive heart failure (CHF).

  • Infection Prevention & Safety:

    • Chain of Infection: Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; interrupted via medical asepsis (clean technique) and standard precautions (hand hygiene and PPE).

    • Infection Signs: Localized infections display erythema/redness, warmth, swelling, and localized pain.

    • Emergency Protocols: RACE (Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish) for fire safety, PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) for fire extinguishers, and ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).

    • Restraints: Strive for a restraint-free environment; physical/chemical restraints require a doctor's order, regular safety checks, and release at least every 2 hours2\text{ hours}.

  • Resident Care, Ethics & Regulations:

    • OBRA: Federal legislation establishing nurse aide training guidelines and safeguarding resident rights.

    • Professional Standards: Protect resident dignity, apply person-centered care, prevent neglect (failure to provide necessary care), and report drug diversion (unlawful redirection of resident medications).

    • Pain Management: Acute pain is sudden and short-term; chronic pain is persistent and ongoing for 6 months6\text{ months} or more.

    • Grief & End-of-Life Care: Five stages of grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance); hospice provides palliative comfort care for terminal conditions.

  • Body Systems & Mobility:

    • Nervous System: Aging slows reflexes and sensation; Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is the clinical term for a stroke; dementia is progressive cognitive decline, with Alzheimer's advancing through early, middle, and late stages.

    • Endocrine & Digestive Systems: Slower metabolic rates and GI motility; clear liquid diets include transparent fluids (broth, gelatin, water); encourage hydration to prevent dehydration.

    • Musculoskeletal & Restorative Care: Support bones and joints using adaptive devices (e.g., wide-handled utensils) and prostheses (artificial body replacements) to foster independence; key motions include pronation (turning downward) and opposition (touching thumb to fingers).

    • Incontinence & Bladder Training: Incontinence is the inability to control the bladder; bladder training re-establishes voiding control via a scheduled routine.

    • Skin Care: Prevent pressure injuries by keeping skin clean and dry, minimizing friction and shearing, and repositioning residents at least every 2 hours2\text{ hours}.