IKS Introduction and IVC 15.07.2024
Page 1: Construction Elements
Copper pipe and socket for attachments
Yoke and pipes for canopy support
Page 2: Course Structure
FYBBA: Indian Knowledge System (IKS)
ICA: 50 marks
Quiz: 10 marks
Presentation and Peer Review: 20 marks
Book Review/Article/Blog post: 20 marks
End-Term evaluation
Page 3: NMIMS School of Commerce
Introduction to Indian Knowledge System (IKS)
Importance and relevance of studying IKS
Page 4: Understanding IKS
Modern economies are knowledge-driven
Loss of ancestral knowledge leads to a decline in research and influence
Biopiracy cases: e.g., neem and turmeric patents
Western narratives often undermine traditional knowledge
Page 5: Indian Contributions
Notable achievements: metallurgy, mathematics, astronomy
Historical knowledge transmission through the Gurukul system
Oral traditions and codification on palm leaves
Page 6: Loss of IKS
Traditional schools were discontinued
Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835: English as the language of instruction leading to loss of indigenous knowledge
Page 7: State of IKS
Importance of preserving formal and informal knowledge
Knowledge synthesis by younger generations
Page 8: Perspectives on Time
Universe age: 13.8 billion years
Earth age: 4.5 billion years
Life began approximately 3.8 billion years ago
Page 9: Prehistoric Classification
Stone Age: 30,000 BCE – 3000 BCE
Bronze Age: 3000 BCE – 1050 BCE
Iron Age: 1050 BCE – 500 CE
Divisions of Stone Age: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
Page 10: Historical Timeline
Key ancient dates from 3900 BCE to 500 AD across civilizations: Mayan, Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley, etc.
Page 11: Ancient Indian History Timeline
Prehistoric Period (400,000 BC - 1,000 BC)
Evolution of Indian society through significant periods
Page 12: Neolithic Revolution
Transition from nomadic to settled life due to agriculture
Development of complex societal structures
Page 13: Philosophical Developments
Earliest thinkers: Thales in the West, Indian philosophy around 2000 BC
Emergence of diverse schools of thought in ancient India
Page 14: Recognition of Indian Scholars
Notable ancient philosophers: Kanad, Aryabhatt, Sushrut
Contribution to multiple fields: science, technology, governance
Page 15: Quest for Understanding
Different approaches: Darshan vs Philosophy
Page 16: Philosophical Distinctions
Philosophy: Inquiry into control
Darshan: Inquiry into existence and purpose
Page 17: Founding Concepts of Indian Approach
Concept of time, Karma, and Punarjanma
Page 18: Characteristics of Indian Approach
Respect for individual exploration, pluralism
Page 19: Theory of Karma Explained
Categories: Sanchit, Prarabhda, Sancheeyaman Karma
Page 20: Ancient Sites
Bhimbetka Cave Paintings (30,000 – 7000 BCE)
Mehrgarh: oldest site of farming (7000-3300 BCE)
Page 21: Indus Valley Civilisation
Dates vary across sources (2600-1900 BC)
Page 22: Discovery of Harappa
1856: discovery by General Cunningham
Brick usage indicating urbanization
Page 23: Rakhigarhi Discoveries
Human remains indicating a sophisticated civilization
Page 24: Theories on IVC Inhabitants
Various hypotheses regarding the original inhabitants' identity
Page 25: Early Textual Evidence
Implications of Aitreya Brahmana and Rigveda on IVC culture
Page 26: Major Settlements of IVC
Overview of urban planning and locations of settlements
Page 27: Findings at Sanauli
Excavation similarities with Harappan sites
Page 28: Town Planning of IVC
Features: residential dwellings, roads, drainage systems
Page 29: Agriculture and Industries
Major crops: wheat, paddy, cotton
Evidence of textile and pottery industries
Page 30: Trade and Economic Relations
Established trade relations with Mesopotamia and others
Page 31: Religious Practices
Worship of various deities through artifacts directly from sites
Page 32: Findings at Larkana and Chanhudaro
Significant artifacts and their implications
Page 33: Remaining Findings in Kalibangan and Other Sites
Notable features and urban planning insights
Page 34: Archaeological Insights on Dholavira
Important findings relating to urban planning
Page 35: Theories of Decline for IVC
Various factors contributing to the decline: ecological and invasion theories
Page 36: Governance and Script of IVC
Uncertainties around the political structure and undeciphered script
Page 37: Aryan Invasion Theory
Shift from invasion to migration narratives in contemporary discourse
Page 38: Migration Evidence
Arguments supporting the continuity of cultures and lack of conclusive evidence for mass migration
Page 39: DNA Evidence from Rakhigarhi
Population studies indicating Harappan ancestry across present Indian populations
Page 40: Key IVC Sites and Excavations
Overview of significant archaeological sites and findings
Page 41: Further IVC Sites
List of sites with locations and importance
Page 42: Detailed Findings from Harappa
Major artifacts and discoveries indicating advanced civilization
Page 43: Further Findings in Mohenjo Daro
Key discoveries and their implications for understanding IVC
Page 44: Findings from Sutkagendor
Importance in trade routes and artifacts discovered
Page 45: Manufacturing Hub of Chanhudaro
Insights into the economic structure of the civilization
Page 46: Importance of Lothal
Connectivity and significance in trade
Page 47: Archaeological Importance of Kalibangan
Notable excavations and their contributions to understanding IVC
Page 48: Surkotada Excavation Details
Discoveries including horse bones
Page 49: Findings from Banawali
Insights on fortifications and artifacts
Page 50: Rakhigarhi Insights
Discoveries and historical significance
Page 51: Important Discoveries of Dholavira
Infrastructure and urban features
Page 52: Discoveries from Sanauli
Present findings indicating advanced IVC culture.