Head, Neck and Face Injuries Concise Summary

Head, Neck and Face Injuries

  • Importance of careful assessment to avoid life-threatening errors.

Concussion

  • Definition: A traumatic brain injury from an impulsive force transmitted to the brain.
  • Symptoms may manifest immediately or evolve over time, usually resolving in days but can be prolonged.

Anatomy Review

  • Skull: Protects brain; key opening is the foramen magnum for spinal cord.
  • Mandible: Lower jaw, only movable bone in the skull.
  • Cervical Spine: Composed of the first 7 vertebrae, crucial for head movement.
Muscles of the Neck
  • Sternocleidomastoid: Flexes neck, lateral flexion when one side contracts.
  • Scalene Muscles: Elevate ribs during inhalation, assist in side bending and rotation of the neck.
  • Levator Scapulae: Elevates scapula.
  • Trapezius: Involved in shoulder movement and posture.

Nerves & Blood Supply

  • Brachial Plexus (C5-T1): Major nerve group supplying arms.
  • Carotid Artery: Supplies head and neck.
  • Jugular Vein: Returns blood from the head.

Movements of the Head and Neck

  • Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation. Vulnerable due to mobility and head weight.

Concussion Signs and Symptoms

  • Often includes confusion, headache, dizziness, amnesia, and loss of consciousness (not required for diagnosis).

On-Field Assessment of Concussion

  • Ensure athlete's safety, stabilize C-spine, check responsiveness, and vital signs.
  • Utilize SAMPLE survey for initial assessment (Signs, Allergies, Medications, Past history, Events).

Return to Sports Protocol

  • Gradual increase in activity levels with monitoring for symptoms. Follow steps from symptom-limited activity to full contact.

Prevention of Concussions

  • Use protective gear, ensure fitness, adhere to sport rules, and respect opponents.

Types of Head and Face Injuries

  • Mandible Fractures: Common in contact sports; treatment often requires medical referral.
  • Nasal Injuries: Result from direct blows; manage bleeding and potential cartilage separation.
  • Dental Injuries: Prompt dental care crucial for avulsed or fractured teeth.
  • Eye Injuries: Include contusions and corneal abrasions; prompt evaluation and treatment needed.