Skin
add these as well Which of the following is not part of the skin? (Read each answer choice carefully)
Question 1Answer
a.
Epidermis
b.
Papillary layer
c.
Hypodermis
d.
Stratum basale
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Hypodermis
Question 2
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In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered?
Question 2Answer
a.
Stratum basale
b.
Stratum spinosum
c.
Stratum corneum
d.
Hypodermis
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Hypodermis
Question 3
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Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?
Question 3Answer
a.
Collagen and living keratinocytes
b.
Collagen and dead keratinocytes
c.
Collagen and fibroblasts
d.
Elastic fibers and melanocytes
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Collagen and fibroblasts
Question 4
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What type of tissue is found in the most superficial layer of skin? (Epidermis)
Question 4Answer
a.
Simple squamous epithelium
b.
Stratified squamous epithelium
c.
Dense irregular connective tissue
d.
Areolar connective tissue
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Stratified squamous epithelium
Question 5
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Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?
Question 5Answer
a.
Stratum basale
b.
Stratum corneum
c.
Stratum spinosum
d.
Stratum granulosum
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Stratum corneum
Question 6
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Which of the following cells is largely responsible for skin color?
Question 6Answer
a.
Dendritic cell
b.
Keratinocyte
c.
Melanocyte
d.
Merkel cell
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The correct answer is:
Melanocyte
Question 7
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Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Question 7Answer
a.
fingertips
b.
forearm
c.
abdomen
d.
back
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fingertips
Question 8
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Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens
Question 8Answer
a.
Keratinocytes
b.
Melanocytes
c.
Adipocytes
d.
Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Question 9
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Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication by ___________.
Question 9Answer
a.
melanocytes
b.
keratinocytes
c.
fibroblasts
d.
tactile cells
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keratinocytes
Question 10
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The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?
Question 10Answer
a.
Statified squamous epithelium
b.
Smooth muscle
c.
Adipose tissue
d.
Dense irregular connective tissue
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Adipose tissue
Question 11
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Ethnic differences in skin color are primarily caused by differences in ___________.
Question 11Answer
a.
UV radiation exposure
b.
the quantity of hemoglobin carried in the blood
c.
the quantity of melanin produced
d.
the number of melanocytes
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the quantity of melanin produced
Question 12
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Blood vessels in the __________ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.
Question 12Answer
a.
bulb
b.
root
c.
shaft
d.
dermal papilla
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dermal papilla
Question 13
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The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes __________.
Question 13Answer
a.
hairs to stand on end, trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin
b.
generation of heat to raise the body temperature
c.
hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger
d.
hairs to stand on end with no apparent function
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hairs to stand on end with no apparent function
Question 14
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Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an) __________.
Question 14Answer
a.
hair follicle
b.
vellum
c.
pilus
d.
bulb
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hair follicle
Question 15
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What is the white opaque "moon" often found at the proximal end of a fingernail called?
Question 15Answer
a.
Free edge
b.
Nail body
c.
Eponychium
d.
Lunule
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Lunule
Question 16
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Secretions from __________ glands contribute to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin.
Question 16Answer
a.
mammary
b.
ceruminous
c.
sebaceous
d.
merocrine sweat
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merocrine sweat
Question 17
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The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles.
Question 17Answer
a.
merocrine sweat
b.
apocrine sweat
c.
sebaceous
d.
ceruminous
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sebaceous
Question 18
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__________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.
Question 18Answer
a.
third degree burn
b.
second degree burn
c.
fourth degree burn
d.
malignant
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third degree burn
Question 19
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In the genetic disease called ichthyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as it should. What layer of the skin is affected in this disorder?
Question 19Answer
a.
Basement membrane
b.
Epidermis
c.
Dermis
d.
Subcutaneous layer
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Epidermis
Question 20
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What happens to keratinocytes as they are pushed from the deeper layers of the epidermis toward the surface?
Question 20Answer
a.
They become dermal cells.
b.
They take on more pigment.
c.
They die.
d.
They continue to divide.
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They die.
Question 21
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As keratinocytes age and are pushed further away from the dermis, they develop __________Blank which help fasten the cells tightly together. This in turn helps the skin serve its protective function.
Question 21Answer
a.
melanin
b.
collagen
c.
keratin
d.
desmosomes
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desmosomes
Question 22
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Epidermis is composed of __________, whereas dermis is composed of __________.
Question 22Answer
a.
stratified squamous epithelial tissue; dense irregular connective tissue
b.
areolar tissue; columnar epithelial tissue
c.
dense irregular connective tissue; simple squamous epithelial tissue
d.
pseudostratified epithelial tissue; areolar tissue
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stratified squamous epithelial tissue; dense irregular connective tissue
Question 23
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What is the function of the dendritic cells of the epidermis?
Question 23Answer
a.
They are phagocytic and help in triggering an immune response to any invading microbes.
b.
They are tough, waterproof cells that allow the skin to be a tough dry barrier.
c.
They serve as sensory receptors, detecting light touch.
d.
They produce a pigment that gives the skin its color and helps to protect DNA from UV radiation.
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They are phagocytic and help in triggering an immune response to any invading microbes.
Question 24
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Two thieves steal jewelry, and then drop it as they are escaping. The police recover the jewelry, and an officer explains on the evening news that fingerprints were obtained from the back of a watch. The thieves, whose prints are not on file, believe that they can escape prosecution by using acid to remove the epidermis on their fingerpads, so as not to be a match for the fingerprints on the watch. Why are they wrong?
Question 24Answer
a.
The epidermis will rapidly regrow and re-form the ridges since they are genetically determined.
b.
The prints are due to features of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
c.
The prints are due to features of the subcutaneous layer, which are not destroyed.
d.
The epidermis is too thick for the acid to completely remove the ridges.
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The prints are due to features of the dermis, which are not destroyed.
Question 25
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You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin with a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely what type of cell?
Question 25Answer
a.
Dermal cells
b.
Keratinocytes
c.
Fibroblasts
d.
Melanocytes
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The correct answer is:
Keratinocytes
Question 26
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What process occurs in the skin that allows for the skin to stay dry and waterproof?
Question 26Answer
a.
Keratinization
b.
Vasodilation of blood vessels
c.
Conversion of vitamin D precursor (dehydrocholesterol) to inactive vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
d.
Transfer of melanin to keratinocytes
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Keratinization
Question 27
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Jackson has a condition in which his fibroblasts are functional, but very inefficient and produce collagen at a slow rate. He has cut himself on a broken piece of glass. What will his healing process be like?
Question 27Answer
a.
The wound will heal very slowly.
b.
No blood clot or scab will form.
c.
Only the epidermis will heal. The dermis will not heal until he seeks medical intervention.
d.
Heavy scar tissue will be produced in and around the wound.
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The wound will heal very slowly.
Question 28
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The treatment called Botox works by blocking nerve signals and is typically used to target the muscles of the face to reduce wrinkling. However, some patients with excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) have Botox injected into problem areas to reduce the amount of sweating. Why would this work?
Question 28Answer
a.
Nerve signals that stimulate apocrine and merocrine glands are blocked.
b.
Nerve signals from temperature sensors are blocked, so the sweat glands aren't triggered to secrete when the temperature increases.
c.
Nerve signals to arrector pili muscles are blocked so they aren't stimulated to squeeze sweat from the glands.
d.
Nerve signals that stimulate sebaceous glands are blocked.
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The correct answer is:
Nerve signals that stimulate apocrine and merocrine glands are blocked.
Question 29
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Carlee slammed her fingers in a door. One of her fingernails is damaged near the lunula, forming a white oval at the site of the injury. As time progresses, what happens to the damaged (white) area?
Question 29Answer
a.
The white oval will be pushed up to the surface and out of the nail as a raised bump, with that section of nail eventually peeling off.
b.
The white oval will gradually move out toward the free edge of the nail and then be worn away along with neighboring normal areas of the nail.
c.
The white oval will slowly dissipate and disappear as the damage is replaced from underneath via the nail bed.
d.
The white oval will split vertically and each half will gradually move toward the lateral (horizontal) edges of the nail.
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The white oval will gradually move out toward the free edge of the nail and then be worn away along with neighboring normal areas of the nail.
Question 30
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The cosmetic procedure called miraDry involves microwaving the axillary region. After this procedure, patients notice a drastic reduction in both body odor and wetness in their underarms. Hair remains unchanged. What structures are affected by this treatment?
Question 30Answer
a.
Sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands
b.
Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands and sebaceous glands
c.
Merocrine (eccrine) and apocrine sweat glands
d.
Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands and ceruminous glands
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The correct answer is:
Merocrine (eccrine) and apocrine sweat glands