Chapter 11

Persuasive speaking seeks to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors of audience members.

Claim: The statement that will be supported by evidence.

Evidence: Also called grounds, supports the claim.

Warrant: THe underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence.

Choosing a Persuasive Speech Topic

Adapting Persuasive Messages

Determining Your Proposition

Organizing a Persuasive Speech

Key Takeaways

  • arguments are formed by making claims that are supported by evidence. The underlying justification that connects the claim and evidence is the warrant arguments can have strong or weak warrants, which will make them more or less less persuasive.

  • Good persuasive speech topics are current controversial, but not inflammatory, and important to the speaker and society

  • Speakers should adapt their persuasive approach based on audience members orientation towards the proposal

  • When audience members agree with the proposal, focus on intensifying their agreement and moving them to action

  • When audience members are neutral in regards to the proposition provide background information to better inform them about the issue and present information that demonstrates the relevance of the topic to the audience

  • When audience members disagree with the proposal, focus on establishing your credibility belt, comment ground with the audience and incorporate counter arguments and refute them

  • Persuasive speeches include the following propositions: fact, value and policy

  • Proposition of fact, focus on establishing that something is or isn’t or is true or false

  • Propositions of value focus on persuading an audience that something is good or bad right or wrong or desirable or undesirable

  • Propositions of policy advocate that something should or shouldn’t be done

  • Persuasive speeches can be organized using the following patterns problem – solution caused – effect caused death effect – solution or Monroe’s motivated sequence.

Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

Casual Reasoning

Fallacies of Reasoning

Persuasive Strategies

Ethos,logos, and Pathos

Dissonance, Motivation, and Needs

Cognitive Dissonance