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1840 - Trail of Tears

Playing Indian by Philip J Deloria (1998)

The Red Noble Savage

• 1766 - Ponteach: or the Savages of America (Robert Rogers)

• 1824 - The Last of the Mohicans (James Fenimore Cooper)

• 1828 - Metamora or The Last of the Wampanoags (John Augustus Stone)

• 1859 - The Octoroon (Dion Coucicault)

Spiderwoman company

• founded in 1979 b Muriel Miguel, Gloria Miguel, and Elizabeth Miguel

• “…They questioned gender roles, cultural stereotypes, and sexual and economic oppression. They took on issues of sexism

Yuyachkani (Peru)

• collective founded in 1971

• The name means “I am thinking, I am remembering” (Quechuan)

• Their theatre blends ritual, memory, and testimony to address indigenous rights.

• “…the theater group has devoted itself to the collective exploration of embodied social memory, particularly in relation to questions of ethnicity, violence, and memory in Peru.” from the Hemispheric Institute website

Contralviento (1989)

• “The performance ‘Contralviento’ (Against the Wind) was created by Yuyachkani in 1989, at the height of Peru’s most recent civil conflict.”

• The use of verbatime (testimony of an indifenous survivor of the 1986 massacre at Soccos, in Ayacucho) theater to tell the story of survival and renewal

The Ramona Pageant

• 1922 - Garrett Holmes, first adaptation

• 1923 - began its annual re-enactment in Temecula, California

• The characters of Ramona and Alessandro were played by white actors in “brownface”.

• 1927 - Mexican actress Delores del Rio stars in a film version of the novel.

• 2015 - Stephen Savage, updated adaptation