Unit-9-Ecosystem-based-Model-of-Human-Ecology

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Title Image

• Ecosystem-based Model of Human

• Image Credit: FangXiaNuo 1395427215

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Objectives

• The objectives today are threefold:

  1. Discuss the basic concept of human ecology.

  2. Describe the basic model of human ecology.

  3. Cite examples of human ecology applications.

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Table of Contents

1. Introductions

2. What is Human Ecology?

3. Environmental Determinism and Possibilism in Human Ecology

4. The Basic Model

5. Human Ecology Applications

6. Summary

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Introduction Overview

• This presentation explores the fundamental concepts of human ecology, examines its basic model, and highlights real-world applications illustrating the discipline's importance.

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What is Human Ecology?

• Definition: The study of how humans interact with and respond to their ecosystems.

• Highlights that humans are an integral part of ecosystems.

• Emphasizes mutual interactions between humans and their environments.

• Contextualizes human populations within larger ecological systems.

• It is an interdisciplinary field incorporating various academic disciplines.

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Presentation Focus

• Exploration of fundamental concepts of human ecology.

• Examination of its basic model.

• Discovery of real-world applications.

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Definition of Human Ecology

• Studies the complex, dynamic relationship between humans and environments.

• Examines interactions and adaptations of individuals and societies to their surroundings.

• Encompasses social, cultural, and environmental factors.

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Interdisciplinary Nature

• Characteristics:

  • Human ecology bridges social and environmental sciences.

  • Integrates insights from sociology, anthropology, geography, biology, and environmental science.

  • Provides a holistic understanding of intricate human-ecosystem connections.

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Environmental Determinism and Possibilism

• Introduction to the concepts of environmental determinism and possibilism in human ecology.

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Human Ecology Perspectives

• Contrasting Views:

  • Humans are not merely passive objects of environmental forces.

  • Human behavior is not solely limited by environmental constraints.

  • Human ecology recognizes active influence of humans on their environment.

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The Basic Model

• Introduction to the basic model of human ecology.

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Case Study: Early Maori in New Zealand

• The picture illustrates how the early Maori lived in harmony with nature.

• Reflects their choices, resource usage, and societal organization.

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Human Ecosystems Model

• Highlights dynamic interactions among human communities, abiotic factors, flora, and fauna.

• Emphasizes interplay affecting behavior, culture, and survival strategies.

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Highlights of Human Ecology

• Human ecology approach is characterized by two main commitments.

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Two Commitments of Human Ecology

• First Commitment:

  • Study humans as living systems within complex environments.

• Second Commitment:

  • Recognize humans are subject to ecological and evolutionary processes like other species.

• Focuses on interdependence of people and Earth's resources.

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Ecosystem-Based Model

• Emphasizes relationships between ecosystem and social systems.

• Four types of relations:

  1. Inputs from the ecosystem (resources like food, fuel).

  2. Inputs from the social system (e.g., pollution, deforestation).

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Further Relations in Ecosystem-Based Model

• Continued Relations:3. Changes in the social system (institutional adaptations).4. Changes in the ecosystem (e.g., biodiversity loss, resilience).

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Human Agency in Ecosystem Interactions

• Rejects the notion of passive humans; instead, humans actively influence their environment.

• Recognizes cognitive decision-making in survival strategies.

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Cultural Ecology vs. Human Ecology

• While cultural ecology observes external interactions with populations, human ecology focuses on unique cultural traits of human populations in their specific environments.

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Human Ecology Applications Overview

• Exploring applications of human ecology in understanding the environment.

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Case Study: Human Ecosystems of Early Maori

• Illustration of Early Maori interactions with their environment.

• Displays elements and relationships within their ecosystem.

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Complexity of Maori Ecosystem

• Showcases dynamic, interrelated aspects, highlighting crucial human choices and resource use.

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Model of Tsembaga Human Ecosystem

• Understanding interconnectedness in the Tsembaga people's lives and environment.

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Tsembaga Ecosystem Relationships

• Illustrates how all elements are interconnected, affecting survival and thriving.

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Biophysical Model of Tsembaga Ecosystem

• Serves as a blueprint for understanding ecosystem parts and interactions.

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Understanding the Puzzle of Ecosystem Interactions

• The model helps construct a mental map of the unique environment.

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Summary Introduction

• Overview of the concluding summary.

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Summary of Human Ecology

• Human ecology examines complex human-environment relationships systematically.

• Related to frameworks of environmental determinism, possibilism, and cultural ecology.

• Uses conceptual models to gain insights into human and biophysical ecosystem transformations.

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Thank You

• Closing Statement: Thank you for your attention!