Preparation and Standards for Technical Drafting and Technical Drafting

Lesson Overview and Learning Objectives

• Subject: TLE $3$ (Technical Drafting).
• Timeline: Quarter $1$, Lesson $2$.
• Central Topic: Preparing and setting up tools and materials for drawing, observing Occupational Health and Safety ($OHS$) and Standard Operating Procedures ($SOP$).
• Subtopic Focus: Setting up materials, tools, and equipment while observing safety protocols.
• Learning Objectives:
  • Observe $OHS$ and $OSP$ (Occupational Safety Practices/Procedures) policies when setting up materials and equipment in technical drafting.
  • Observe and apply important practices within the workstation or workplace.

Key Workplace Terminology and Acronyms

• Occupational Health and Safety ($OHS$): A multi-disciplinary practice dealing with every aspect of health and safety in the workplace. It defines the disciplinary standards and the "do's and don'ts" within a company or working environment.
• Standard Operating Procedures ($SOP$): A documented set of rules, pointers, and considerations regarding the proper care, handling, and use of materials, tools, and equipment. It includes safety measures for students, workers, and the workplace itself. These represent the system or operations within a specific work community.
• Safety Standard: A set of protocols designed to ensure the safety of products, activities, and processes. Its primary goal is to prevent accidents or hazards and ensure the well-being of all community members or employees.
• Standard: An established measure, accurate type, or authoritative model used as an example for comparison (e.g., a $3D$ model in drafting). In drafting, work is often compared to a standard established by a client or a higher-level authority.
• Important Acronyms:
  • $OHSCSC$: Occupational Health and Safety Commissions.
  • $DOHSS$: Occupational Health and Safety Standard.
  • $PPE$: Personal Protective Equipment.

Occupational Health and Safety Standards and PPE

• Personal Protective Equipment ($PPE$): Specialized clothing or equipment worn by workers (such as engineers and architects) to prevent or mitigate accidents and hazards on the worksite. Examples include:
  • Gloves.
  • Safety shoes.
  • Helmets.
• Core Standards in the Working Environment:
  • Moral Standard: Refers to a person's standard of behavior or beliefs concerning what is acceptable. It requires respecting the differing religions, behaviors, and beliefs of co-workers (e.g., respecting specific attire or traditions as a form of protection or identity).
  • Economic Standard: Concerns human welfare in terms of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Architects and engineers must consider the needs and demands of the community to ensure services are relevant and generate income.
  • Legal Standard: $OHS$ requirements reinforced by civil and criminal law. This includes the acquisition of necessary legal documents such as business permits and building permits before construction begins.

Good Housekeeping and the $5S$ Methodology

Good Housekeeping is essential for maintaining an organized environment to prevent hazardous events, accidental injuries, and to save space, time, and materials.

• The $5S$ Japanese Productivity Philosophy:
  • $1$. Seiri (Sorting): Identify and take out unnecessary items and dispose of them to keep the workspace clear.
  • $2$. Seiton (Set in Order): Ensure everything is in its designated place through segregation (e.g., organizing tools in specific cabinets).
  • $3$. Seiso (Sweeping): Take time to clean the workspace and any mess made after use. This maintains cleanliness and prevents pests like insects in the working environment.
  • $4$. Seiketsu (Standardizing): Maintain the high standards of housekeeping established in the first three steps.
  • $5$. Shitsuke (Sustaining): Perform tasks spontaneously and maintain order without being told or ordered to do so.

Procedures for Drafting Activities

Before the Drafting Activity

• Select Tools: Identify and gather all materials, tools, and equipment needed for the specific assigned task.
• Set Up Workspace: Properly arrange required tools in a place convenient for movement and execution.
• Clean the Equipment: Clean the table and tools to ensure they are free from dust and other elements that could damage the drawing paper.
• Personal Hygiene: Wash hands with clean water to prevent transferring dirt to the drafting paper.

During the Activity (Activity Proper)

• Follow $SOP$: Perform tasks by following the step-by-step procedures provided by the teacher, manager, or job requirements.
• Tool Manipulation: Use and handle all tools and equipment properly according to their intended function.
• Error Correction: Use appropriate tools for mistakes. For misprinting, off-lines, or lettering errors, use the correct eraser and an erasing shield to protect surrounding elements of the drawing.

After the Drafting Activity

• Submit Output: Turn in work for evaluation, crystallization, and analysis by the teacher or boss.
• Inventory Check: Check all tools and materials to ensure nothing is lost.
• Return Tools: Return items to the toolkeeper.
• Administrative Tasks: Retrieve the borrows card from the toolkeeper and sign out to confirm tools were returned on time.
• Clean Up: Clean the workstation thoroughly before leaving.

Essential Workplace Practices and Safety Precautions

• Fire and Health Safety: Never smoke inside the workplace to avoid secondhand smoke, illness, and fire hazards.
• Tool Maintenance: Never use tools without cleaning them first; sustain cleanliness at all times.
• Focus and Efficiency: Avoid talking with co-students or co-workers during the working period to finish tasks on time.
• Energy Conservation: Always turn off lights, air conditioners, fans, and computer units before leaving the workstation to prevent accidents (like fire) and save energy.
• Attendance and Conduct:
  • Observe punctuality and regular attendance.
  • Practice the value of respect toward teachers, co-students, and co-workers.
  • Avoid quarreling or fighting to maintain a healthy workplace environment.
  • Observe and practice the proper disposal of waste through segregation to prevent sickness.

Evaluation and Written Work

Written Work #$3$ Requirements:

• List the $3$ $OHS$ Standards (Moral, Economic, Legal).
• Identify the $5S$ terms in both Japanese and English.
• Name other important practices observed in the workplace.