EOT review Term 2 - 12G3+12G4 part 1

EOT Guide for Term Two

General Overview

  • Number of Questions: 25

  • Points per Question: 4

  • Total Duration: 120 minutes

  • Maximum Grade: 100 (No bonus questions)

Learning Outcomes

Outcome 1: Integumentary System Functions

  • Major Components: Skin, hair, nails

  • Primary Function: Protection from external environments

  • Skin Functions:

    • Detects pain, pressure, temperature

    • Produces Vitamin D for calcium absorption

    • Regulates body temperature:

      • Cold: Goosebumps trap warm air

      • Warm: Blood vessels dilate to radiate heat; sweating releases waste and cools down the body

  • Sample Questions:

    • Compare structures in epidermis vs dermis using a Venn diagram

    • Identify common structures like hair and sweat glands originating in the dermis and reaching the epidermis

Outcome 2: Types of Tissues in the Integumentary System

  • Four Tissue Types:

    • Epithelial Tissue: Outermost layer, covers body surfaces

    • Connective Tissue: Provides support (e.g., collagen)

    • Muscle Tissue: Enables body movement

    • Nervous Tissue: Facilitates body communication

  • Sample Questions:

    • Tissue forming sweat and oil glands: Epithelial

    • Tissue forming blood vessels in the skin: Connective

    • Outermost layer: Epithelial

Outcome 3: Skin Features

  • Focus: Figure and labelling related questions

  • Common Issues from Blockages:

    • Blocked follicles can cause acne (whiteheads/blackheads)

  • Sebaceous Glands Function: Releases oil to lubricate skin

  • Sample Questions:

    • Outcome from blocked sebaceous gland: Acne

Outcome 4: Joint Classification

  • Important Joints:

    • Ball and Socket: Found in hips and shoulders (wide range of movement)

    • Hinge Joint: Found in knees and elbows (back and forth movement)

    • Pivot Joint: Rotational movement (neck, forearm)

    • Gliding Joint: Limited movement (wrist, ankles)

  • Sample Questions:

    • Identify joint types from provided diagrams

    • Determine mismatched pairs of joints and their location

Outcome 5: Definition of Joints, Ligaments, and Tendons

  • Ligaments: Connect bones to bones

  • Tendons: Connect muscles to bones

Outcome 6: Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

  • Axial Skeleton: Center structure (skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae) protecting vital organs

  • Appendicular Skeleton: Associated with limbs and movement (hands, feet)

  • Sample Questions:

    • Identify bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons from figures

Outcome 7: Bone Marrow Types

  • Red Bone Marrow: Produces blood cells

  • Yellow Bone Marrow: Stores fat

  • Key Structures: Spongy bone, compact bone, periosteum

Outcome 8: Muscle Types

  • Slow Twitch Muscles:

    • Suitable for endurance activities (long distance running, swimming)

    • Characterized by more mitochondria and myoglobin for oxygen storage

  • Fast Twitch Muscles:

    • Suitable for quick, explosive movements (weightlifting)

    • Characterized by less mitochondria and rely on anaerobic processes

Outcome 9: Muscle Contraction and Sliding Filament Theory

  • Key Components: Muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomeres

  • Contraction Details: Actin filaments move toward the center during contraction

Outcome 10: Types of Muscle Tissue

  • Three Types:

    • Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bones, movement of limbs

    • Smooth Muscle: Found in organs (intestines, stomach)

    • Cardiac Muscle: Only found in heart

  • Antagonistic Pairs: Muscles that work against each other for movement (e.g., biceps and triceps)

  • Sample Questions:

    • Identify muscles based on movements shown in figures.