spanish 2 notes
Question Words
¿Adónde? → To where?
¿Dónde? → Where?
¿De dónde? → From where?
¿Cuándo? → When?
¿Qué? → What?
¿Cuánto? → How much?
¿Cuántos? → How many?
¿Por qué? → Why?
¿Cómo? → How?
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes? → Who?
Greetings
Hola → Hello
¿Cómo estás? → How are you?
Buenos días → Good morning
Buenas tardes → Good afternoon
Buenas noches → Good evening/night
Me llamo . . . → I call myself (My name is)
¿Cómo te llamas? → What do you call yourself? What is your name?
People
El chico/la chica → the boy / the girl
Mis compañeros → my companions / my partners
El hombre → the man
La mujer → the woman
Los padres → the parents / fathers
La familia → the family
El padre → the father
El papá → the dad
La madre → the mother
La mamá → the mom
Los estudiantes → the students
los pasajeros → the passengers
El/la turista → the tourist
El amigo → the friend
Things
El autobús → the bus
El equipo → the team
La agencia de viajes → the travel agency
El examen → the test
La comunidad → the community
El programa → the program
La natación → Swimming (the sport)
Las revistas → the magazines
El lápiz → the pencil
La computadora → the computer
El traje de baño → The swimsuit
La lección → the lesson
El gimnasio → the gym
El libro → the book
Descriptive words
Moreno → brunette / black man / African American
Bueno → good
Aburrido → boring
Nervioso → nervous
Inteligente → intelligent
Trabajador/a → hard working
Rubio → blond(e)
Limpio (a)→ clean
Ordenado (a) → organized
Buen → Good (used in front of masculine singular nouns.
Mal → bad
Gran → great
Antipático → mean
Simpático → nice
Alto → tall
Bajo → short (opposite of alto)
Barato → inexpensive
Caro → expensive
Gordo → fat
Delgado → thin
Malo → bad
Bueno → good
Corto → short (opposite of long)
Largo → long
Pequeño → small
Grande → big
Rico → rich
Pobre → poor
Viejo → old
Nuevo → new
Verbs
Ser → to be (tells what something is)
Soy →I am
Eres → you are
Es → you are (f) he/she is
Somos → we are
Sois → y’all are (informal/used in Spain)
Son → y’all are/they are
Estar → to be (tells how something is at that moment or where something is)
Estoy → I am
Estás → you are
Está → you are (f) he/she is
Estamos → we are
Estáis → you all are (informal used in Spain)
Están → y’all are / they are
Tener → to have
Tengo → I have
Tienes → you have
Tiene → you have (f) he/she has
Tenemos → we have
Tenéis → y’all have (informal used in Spain)
Tienen → y’all have / they have
Ir → to go
Voy → I go
Vas → you go
Va →you go (f) / he/she goes
Vamos → we go
vais → y’all go (informal used in Spain)
Van → y’all go/they go
Bailar → to dance
Hablar → to speak
Abrir → to open
Correr → to run
Mirar → to watch/see
Comer → to eat
Practicar → to practice
Desayunar → to eat breakfast
Viajar → to travel
Gustar → to like
Stem-Changing Verbs
E→IE Verbs
Empezar → to begin
Cerrar → to close
Comenzar → to start
Entender → to understand
Pensar → to think / to plan to
Perder → to lose
Preferir → to prefer
Querer → to want
O→UE Verbs
Almorzar → to eat lunch
Contar → to count / to tell a story
Dormir → to sleep
Encontrar → to find
Mostrar → to show
Poder → can / to be able to
Recordar → to remember
Volver → to return
E→I Verbs
Pedir → to ask for
Conseguir → to obtain (to get if it means obtain)
Decir → to say / tell
Repetir → to repeat
Seguir → to follow
U→UE verbs
Jugar → to play
Irregular yo forms verbs
Hacer / hago →to do/make
Poner / pongo → to put/place
Salir / salgo → to leave
Suponer / supongo → to suppose
Traer / traigo → to bring
Ver / veo → to see (some contexts to watch)
Oír / oigo / oye / oyen → to hear
Expressions with Tener
Tener . . . años → to be __ years old
Tener calor → to be hot
Tener frío → to be cold
Tener ganas de → to feel like . . .
Tener hambre → to be hungry
Tener prisa → to be in a hurry
Tener razón → to be right
Tener sed → to be thirsty
Tener que + inf. → to have to . . .
Pronouns
Subject
Yo → I
Tú → you
Él / Ella / Ud. → he / she / you (f)
Nosotros (as) → We
Vosotros (as) → You all (informal and used in Spain.)
Ellos / ellas / Uds. → They / they / you all
Possessive
mi / mis → my
tu / tus → your
su / sus → your (f) / his / her
Nuestro (a) / Nuestros (as) → our
Vuestro (a) / Vuestros (as) → Your (informal used in Spain
Su / Sus → your (f) / their
Indirect object
Me → me
Te → you
Le → you (f) him/her
Nos → us
Os → you all (informal used in Spain)
Les → You all / them
Regular Verb Endings
With regular verbs, we take the -ar, -er, or -ir off and add the ending that matches the intended subject.
-AR verbs
-o
-as
-a
-amos
-áis
-an
-ER verbs
-o
-es
-e
-emos
-éis
-en
-IR verbs
-o
-es
-e
-imos
-ís
-en