Caitlin Chapman - Ch 10 vocabulary

Human Resource Management:

• All the activities involved in determining an organization’s human resource needs, as well as acquiring, training, and compensating people to fill those needs

Job Analysis:

• The determination, through observation and study, of pertinent information about a job - including specific tasks and necessary abilities, knowledge, and skills

Job Description:

• A formal, written explanation of a specific job, usually including job title, tasks, and relationship with other jobs, physical and mental skills required, duties, responsibilities, and working conditions

Job Specification:

• A description of the qualifications necessary for a specific job, in terms of education, experience, and personal and physical characteristics

Recruiting:

• Forming a pool of qualified applicants from which management can select employees

Selection:

• The process of collecting information about applicants and using that information to make hiring decisions

Orientation:

• Familiarizing newly hired employees with fellow workers, company procedures, and the physical properties of the company

Training:

• Teaching employees to do specific job tasks through either classroom development or on-the-job experience

Mentoring:

• Involves supporting, training, and guiding an employee’s professional development

Development:

• Training that augments the skills and knowledge of managers and professionals

Commission:

• An incentive system that pays a fixed amount or a percentage of the employee’s sales

Salary:

• A financial reward calculated on a weekly, monthly, or annual basis

Bonuses:

• Monetary rewards offered by companies for exceptional performance as incentives to further increase productivity

Profit Sharing:

• A form of compensation whereby a percentage of company profits is distributed to the employees whose work helped to generate them

Benefits:

• Nonfinancial forms of compensation provided to employees, such as pension plans, health insurance, paid vacation and holidays, and the like

Labor Unions:

• Employee organizations formed to deal with employers for achieving better pay, hours, and working conditions

Collective Bargaining:

• The negotiation process through which management and unions reach an agreement about compensation, working hours, and working conditions for the bargaining unit

Labor Contract:

• The formal, written document that spells out the relationship between the union and management for a specified period of time - usually two or three years

Picketing:

• A public protests against management practices the involves union members marching and carrying antimanagement signs at the employer’s plant

Strikes:

• Employee walkouts; one of the most effective weapons labor has

Boycott:

• An attempt to keep people from purchasing the products of a company

Lockout:

• Management’s version of a strike, wherein a work site is closed so that employees cannot go to work

Strikebreakers:

• People hired by management to replace striking employees; called “scabs” by striking union members

Conciliation:

• A method of outside resolution of labor and management differences in which a third party is brought in to keep the two sides talking

Mediation:

• A method of outside resolution of labor and management differences in which the third party’s role is to suggest or propose a solution to the problem

Arbitration:

• Settlement of a labor/management dispute by a third party whose solution is legally binding and enforceable

Diversity:

• The presence of differences within an organization based on factors such as race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, language, abilities, age, or political beliefs

Equity:

• Providing equal opportunities and fair treatment for all employees

Inclusion:

• The degree to which diverse individuals are valued and welcomed by the organization

Affirmative Action Programs:

• Legally mandated plans that try to increase job opportunities for underrepresented groups by analyzing the current pool of workers, identifying areas where certain groups are underrepresented, and establishing specific hiring and promotion goals, with target dates, for addressing the discrepancy

Wages:

• Financial rewards based on the number of hours the employee works or the level of output achieved

Turnover:

• Occurs when employees quit or are fired and must be replaced by new employees

Transfer:

• A move to another job within the company at essentially the same level and wage

Separations:

• Employment changes involving resignation, retirement, termination, or layoff