Spanish Unidad 1, 2, and 3 MYP Grade 7 & 8

Differences Between SER and ESTAR

• SER: Used for personality traits and permanent characteristics.

  • Example: "Ella es simpática." (She is nice.)

• ESTAR: Used for emotions and temporary states.

Construction of Future Tense

• IR + A + infinitive: Used to speak about the near future.

  • Example: "Voy a estudiar." (I am going to study.)

Using PODER

• PODER + infinitive: Means "to be able to."

  • Example: "Puedo nadar." (I can swim.)

Differences Between IR and VENIR

• IR: Means "to go" (away from the speaker).

• VENIR: Means "to come" (toward the speaker).

Forming the Pretérito Perfecto

• Pretérito Perfecto: Formed by using Haber + past participle.

  • Example: "He comido." (I have eaten.)

Comparatives in Spanish

• To compare things:

  • más que: more than.

  • menos que: less than.

  • el mismo… que: the same… as.

Using POR vs PARA

• POR: Indicates cause, method, or time.

  • Example: "por la tarde" (in the afternoon).

• PARA: Indicates purpose, destination, or recipient.

  • Example: "para ti" (for you).

Possessive Pronouns in Spanish

• Examples include: mío, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro.

ESTAR + Gerundium

1. Forming the Construction:

   • Conjugate "estar" (e.g., estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están).

   • Form the gerund by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding -ando or -iendo.

   • Example:

     • Present tense:

     • "Yo estoy jugando." (I am playing)

     • "Ellos están hablando." (They are talking)

     • Past tense (imperfect): "Estaba leyendo." (I was reading)

     • Future tense: "Vamos a estar bailando." (We are going to be dancing)

2. Uses:

   • Ongoing actions: Describes something happening right now.

   • Temporary states: Indicates a condition that is not permanent.

   • Sequence of actions: Indicates one action that follows another immediately.

The Pretérito Imperfecto

• Example: "Cuando era niña, jugaba con muñecas." (When I was a girl, I played with dolls.)

Differences Between Imperfect and Present Tense

• Imperfect Tense: Describes past habits or repeated actions.

• Present Tense: Describes actions happening now.

ESTAR + Gerund: Used to describe ongoing actions or temporary states.

1. Forming the Construction:

   • Conjugate "estar" (e.g., estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están).

   • Form the gerund by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and adding -ando or -iendo.

   • Example:

     • Present tense:

     • "Yo estoy jugando." (I am playing)

     • "Ellos están hablando." (They are talking)

     • Past tense (imperfect): "Estaba leyendo." (I was reading)

     • Future tense: "Vamos a estar bailando." (We are going to be dancing)

2. Uses:

   • Ongoing actions: Describes something happening right now.

   • Temporary states: Indicates a condition that is not permanent.

   • Sequence of actions: Indicates one action that follows another immediately.