COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING FLASHCARDS
CHN DEFINITIONS
Winslow: public health nursing enables every citizen to realize birthright of health and longevity.
Shetland: CHN philosophy based on worth and dignity of man.
Freeman: CHN = services by a professional nurse in community, groups, families, individuals at home, in health centers, clinics, schools, workplaces for health promotion, illness prevention, home care, rehabilitation; promotion of client’s OLOF.
Jacobson: health promotion is a learned practice with goal of client’s optimum level of functioning through teaching and delivery of health care services; promotion of client’s OLOF.
Maglaya: nursing process used to benefit individual, family, and community.
Bailon Reyes: CHN outside purely curative institutions; primary focus = health promotion; primary responsibility = health education.
CHN PRACTICE: DESCRIPTION, SCOPE, PHILOSOPHY, CONCEPTS
CHN promotes and preserves the health of populations; broad integration of nursing and public health; comprehensive, general, continuous.
Clients: individuals, families, groups; dominant responsibility = population as a whole.
SCOPE: Immunization, education, smoking cessation, nutrition; prevention, restoration, supportive/palliative care at end of life.
PHILOSOPHY: based on worth and dignity of man (Shetland).
CONCEPTS: CHN as health promotion-focused, benefits whole family/community, CHN as generalists, continuous client contact, diverse ages, uses biology, sociology, ecology, and community health knowledge; dynamic steps: assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation.
GOAL: Primary goal = enhance health capabilities of population; ultimate goal = raise citizenry level.
OBJECTIVES: develop health plans, provide quality nursing services, coordinate services, conduct health-related research, support professional growth.
PRINCIPLES: meet community needs; family as unit of service; available to all; health teaching focus; intersectoral collaboration; continued professional development; use of resources; documentation; supervision; education; utilization of community groups; educational supervision; accurate reporting.
SUBSPECIALTIES OF CHN
Occupational Health Nursing (OHN): promote/protect/restore worker health; workplace safety; duties include: community assessments, worker assessments, program planning/evaluation; prevention across levels; hazard types: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, psychosocial; laws: RA 1054; PD 856.
School Health Nursing: promote health of school children and prevent problems that hinder learning; duties include health advocacy, nutrition assessment, health and safety supervision, treatment, emergency care, referrals, home visits, community outreach, reporting.
RECIPIENTS OF NURSING CARE
Consumer: individual/group/community using services or health products.
Patient: person seeking/undergoing medical care (Latin root: to suffer).
Client: person using advice/services of qualified professional; community as client.
TYPES OF CLIENTELE: Individuals, Family, Population/Aggregate, Community.
Filipino family characteristics: bilateral kinship, extended family influential on daily decisions, equality between spouses, strong education values; genogram used to map health history across generations.
Genogram: graphic family diagram detailing health history/roles across generations.
POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND TYPES OF COMMUNITY
Population group/aggregate: group sharing common characteristics or exposures leading to common health problems (children, elderly, men, women).
Community: group sharing geographic boundaries or common values/interests; characteristics: defined boundaries, institutions within social system, shared interests, problem-solving area, population focus, family as service focus; services focus on population; community types: rural, urban, rurban, suburban, metropolitan.
HEALTHY COMMUNITY CRITERIA: awareness, crisis readiness, resource use, active participation, decision-making skills.
LEVELS OF PREVENTION (Leavell & Clark): Primary (promotion), Secondary (screening/early detection), Tertiary (restoration/rehabilitation/palliative), Quaternary (care of dying).
HEALTH FACULTY: PUBLIC HEALTH, PHN, AND CHN
PUBLIC HEALTH: science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health via organized community effort: sanitation, disease control, personal hygiene education, organization of medical/nursing services, social machinery to realize health birthright (Winslow); WHO definition emphasizes reducing inequalities and maximizing health for greatest number.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (PHN): nurses in local/national health departments or public schools; qualifications: BSN, RN; functions: supervisory, care provision, collaboration, health promotion, training, research, disease surveillance; scope includes management and program planning.
CHN vs PHN differences: setting depends on funding; PHN historically focused on population-level PHN work; CHN broader, includes services outside purely public health agencies; CHN practice often community-wide and multi-sectoral.
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
DEFINITIONS: Health care system = network delivering health services; Health care delivery = rendering of care; DOH leads/coordinates national health policies; LGUs implement locally.
DOH ROLES: Leadership, policy formulation/monitoring, oversight of national health plans, program supervision, facility administration; current DOH Secretary: Dr. Theodoro J. Herbosa.
VISION: Philippines among healthiest in SE Asia by 2022; MISSION: productive, resilient, equitable, people-centered health system for UHC.
GOAL/FRAMEWORK: FOURmula ONE for Health (Health Financing, Regulation, Service Delivery, Governance) plus National Health Insurance (PhilHealth) as financing lever; legal basis for PHC: Alma-Ata; Astana Declaration (PHC re-affirmed as cornerstone of UHC).
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): 17 goals; primary PHC focus on community-based, accessible, acceptable, affordable, sustainable care; strategies emphasize community participation, appropriate technology, multi-sectoral linkages, and decentralization.
TYPES OF PRIMARY HEALTH WORKERS: Village/Barangay Health Workers (BHW); Intermediate Level Health Workers; Rural Health Team Unit (RHU team composition: RHU physician, PHN, RH Midwife, dentist, sanitary inspector, etc.).
LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE AND REFERRAL SYSTEM: Primary (RHU/BHS; first contact, promotive/preventive), Secondary (infirmaries/hospital OPD; basic lab), Tertiary (medical centers; specialized care).
HOSPITAL CLASSIFICATION: Levels 1–3 with increasing complexity; ancillary services include labs, x-rays, blood bank, etc.
FINANCING: Government, Private, Social Health Insurance (PhilHealth). Universal Health Care (RA 11223) provides inclusive coverage, protected against financial risk, with public/private partners; building blocks include governance, workforce, financing, essential medicines/technology, information systems.
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE: Coverage for all, with automatic PhilHealth, free basic services, and expanded benefit for vulnerable groups.
NURSE IN THE ORGANIZATION
Public Health Nurse II: frontline health worker; qualifications: BSN, RN.
Public Health Nurse III (with PHN II): acts as nurse-in-charge; qualifications: BSN, RN, master’s in Nursing/Public Health preferred; roles include Planner/Programmer, Provider of Nursing Care, Manager/Supervisor, Community Organizer, Coordinator of Services, Trainer/Educator, Health Monitor, Role Model, Change Agent, Recorder/Reporter, Researcher.
Supervising PHN/Nurse Supervisor: functions at provincial/city level; Nurse Instructor II and other regional roles with corresponding qualifications.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS
DYNAMIC and adaptable; data gathering (SIRCO): Survey, Interview (de facto/de jure), Records, Census, Observations.
5 STAGES OF CHN PROCESS:
Opening: establish rapport
Body: data collection and discussion
Closing: termination of interview
Data organization: collate, present, interpret, analyze
Documentation: record data and care given
DATA GATHERING: sources include individual/family base data; community health status; vital stats; disease surveillance; socio-economic and environmental data; health service utilization.
DIAGNOSIS: identify health problems; health deficits, threats, wellness conditions; foreseen crises; health needs.
PLANNING: goal setting; operational plan; prioritize problems (Nature, Modifiability, Preventive Potential, Salience); construct plan of action; assign resources; assess family capacity.
IMPLEMENTATION: nursing interventions; patient/family involvement; education; referrals; documentation.
EVALUATION: structural, process, and outcome elements; parameters include effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness, adequacy; methods: direct observation, record review, questionnaires, simulation; ongoing and terminal/ex-post evaluations.
FAMILY HEALTH NURSING
DEFINITION: family as the unit of care; health as goal; nursing as medium of care.
STEPS OF FAMILY NURSING PROCESS: Relating, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
NURSING ASSESSMENT: data collection on family structure, socio-economic and cultural factors, home environment, health status of members, values/behaviors, and health practices; methods include observation, physical examination, interview, records review, labs.
DATA ANALYSIS: cluster cues, identify patterns, compare with norms, interpret results to define health problems.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Family Health Task vs Family Nursing Problem; define health problems related to health tasks and contributing factors.
TYPOLOGY OF NURSING PROBLEMS: First Level (wellness, health deficits, health threats, foreseen crises); Second Level (barriers to recognizing problems); Third Level (inability to provide adequate care); Fourth Level (inability to provide conducive home environment); Fifth Level (failure to utilize community resources).
PLANNING: prioritize problems; set goals and objectives; plan interventions; resources; family capacity.
FAMILY NURSING CARE PLAN (FNCP): blueprint to minimize/eliminate problems; characteristics: action-focused, written, future-oriented, family-involved; desirable qualities: clear problem definition, realistic, consistent with agency philosophy, written.
GOAL-SETTING: joint with family; barriers include denial, misperception of seriousness; objectives must be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound (SMART).
INTERVENTIONS TYPOLOGY: Supplemental (direct care), Facilitative (remove barriers), Developmental (build capacity).
IMPLEMENTATION/ROLE OF NURSE: involve family in care, motivate, teach, coordinate, refer, document.
EVALUATION: determine effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy; use ongoing/terminal/ex-post evaluations; dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness, adequacy; tools: thermometers, BP cuffs, scales, checklists.
NURSING PROCEDURES
CLINIC VISIT: pre-consultation conference, registration, triage, clinical evaluation, labs, referrals, prescription, education.
HOME VISIT: purpose = assess home/family; perform bag technique; provide nursing care; establish referrals; plan next visit.
TESTS DURING HOME VISIT: Heat & Acetic Acid Test (proteinuria); Benedict’s Test ( glycosuria).
BAG TECHNIQUE: a portable kit for performing nursing procedures during home visits; contents organized front/back; handwashing before/after; infection control emphasized; steps include setup, conduct, and documentation.
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING (CO)
PURPOSE: social/behavioral changes; empower communities; plan, implement, evaluate actions with community participation.
FATHER: Saul Alinsky.
STAGES OF CO:
Stage I: Community Analysis (needs assessment; boundaries, risk profiles, programs)
Stage II: Design/Initiation (core group formation; organizational structure; roles defined)
Stage III: Implementation (action plans; community language and norms)
Stage IV: Program Maintenance (sustain participation; recruit/train leaders)
Stage V: Dissemination (evaluation; modify goals; share results)
COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research): transform apathetic/voiceless poor into active, participatory community; principles: focus on poorest sectors, self-reliance, group-led leadership; process: action-reflection-action; phases PERCAS (Pre-entry, Entry, Research/Diagnosis, Community Organization, Action, Sustenance & Strengthening); phases of COPAR (Pre-entry, Entry, Diagnosis, Organization, Action, Sustenance, Phase-Out criteria).
FIELD HEALTH SERVICES AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (FHSIS)
DEFINITION: a network to monitor health services nationwide; data to support planning, budgeting, decision-making; midwives track day-to-day activities; essential for public health program management.
OBJECTIVES: summarize data on health services; provide data for monitoring/evaluation; standard facility-level database; minimize reporting burden; disseminate outputs.
COMPONENTS/TOOLs:
ITR (Individual/Family Treatment Record) – the patient consultation record;
TCL (Target Client List) – plan, monitor, report services;
MCT (Monthly Consolidation Table);
M1, M2 forms; quarterly/annual forms (A-BHS, A1 Vital Statistics, A2 Morbidity, A3 Mortality).
FLOW: DOH → CHD/City → PHO → RHU/Nurse → BHS/Midwife.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
DEFINITION: study of occurrence and distribution of health conditions in populations; distribution and determinants; disease prevention.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE: Host, Agent, Environment.
AGENTS: biological (virus, bacteria), chemical, physical, mechanical, nutritive.
HOST and ENVIRONMENT: host harboring organism; environment includes physical, biological, socio-economic factors.
PATHOGENICITY: disease development; force of infection vs force of resistance.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC VARIABLES: Time, Person (age, sex, occupation), Place.
TYPES OF PATTERNS: Sporadic, Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic, Cyclic/Secular variations; Herd immunity concept; Exposure rate; Susceptible host.
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY: characterize disease, measure disease burden, assess health services, support outbreak investigations.
PRESENTATION OF DATA: line graphs, bar graphs, area/pie charts.
PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE: ongoing data collection/interpretation; NESSS (hospital-based sentinel system) for early outbreak detection; nurses as researchers; outbreak investigations steps; top 10 diseases commonly monitored (e.g., dengue, measles, TB, etc.).
VITAL STATISTICS
DEFINITION: tool for estimating health needs; systematic collection/organization/analysis of numeric facts.
INDICES/INDICATORS:
MORBIDITY: Prevalence Rate, Attack Rate, Incidence Rate, Specific Morbidity Rate.
MORTALITY: Crude Death Rate, Specific Mortality Rate, Cause-specific Death Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Neonatal/ Post-neonatal/ Maternal Death Rates, Case Fatality Ratio.
POPULATION INDICATORS: Crude Birth Rate, General Fertility Rate, Swaroop’s Index.
FORMULAS (examples):
IMR, MMR, NDR, etc. follow similar midyear-based denominators.
PURPOSE: indices for planning, evaluation, and monitoring PHN/CHN programs.
NATIONAL PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS PROGRAM (VISION 2020)
VISION: eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020; goal to reduce prevalence through quality eye care.
MISSION: partnership with stakeholders; empower communities; ensure access to eye care; reduce poverty via sight preservation.
GOAL: reduce avoidable blindness through quality eye care.
GUIDING PRINCIPLE: Integrated into health system; Sustainable; Equitable access; Excellence.
MAJOR PREVENTABLE CAUSES: cataract, refractive errors/low vision, trachoma, onchocerciasis, childhood blindness.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (RH)
ULTIMATE GOAL: promote optimum health for reproduction; RH as a life-long practice.
VISION: RH as a life practice for all people.
GOAL: healthy sexual development and maturation; orient couples to family planning; reduce maternal/child mortality; HIV/AIDS prevention; improve access to RH information/services.
MAIN ELEMENTS (10): family planning; maternal/child health & nutrition; adolescent RH; STI/HIV prevention and management; abortion prevention; sexuality education; breast/cervical cancers; men’s RH; violence against women/children; infertility and sexual dysfunction management.
MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAM: reduce maternal mortality; BEmONC and CEmONC; antenatal care; tetanus immunization; iron/folate, vitamin A, micronutrients; safe delivery processes.
FAMILY PLANNING: modes include female sterilization, male sterilization, pills, condoms, injectables, LAM, IUD, fertility-awareness methods; public health counseling.
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION (EPI)
GOAL: reduce morbidity/mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases; eradicate polio; eliminate measles and neonatal tetanus; sustain immunization coverage.
TARGETS: Infants 0-12 months; pregnant/postpartum women; school entrants.
TARGET DISEASES: polio, measles, TB, DPT, hepatitis B, rubella/MMR, neonatal tetanus, etc.
CORE COMPONENTS: target setting, cold chain logistics, IEC, surveillance, evaluation.
COLD CHAIN: vaccines are heat-sensitive; store specific vaccines at -15 to -25°C (freezer) or +2 to +8°C (fridge); FEFO approach; keep track of expiry; transport in cold boxes.
SCHEDULE NOTES: BCG at birth; DPT/OPV/HepB in early weeks; Measles at 9 months (outbreaks may require earlier Measles dose); MCV1/MCV2 (Measles-containing vaccines) per national schedule.
ADMINISTRATION ROUTES: BCG ID, DPT/IM, OPV oral, Measles/MMR SQ/IM, Hep B IM; injections to be done in appropriate sites with asepsis.
NUTRITION PROGRAM
GOAL: improve quality of life via better nutrition, productivity, health.
KEY OBJECTIVES: reduce undernutrition/malnutrition; promote exclusive breastfeeding; improve dietary energy intake; micronutrient supplementation (iron, vitamin A, iodine).
PROGRAMS/PROJECTS: Micronutrient supplementation (Vitamin A, iron, iodine), ASAP, Garantisadong Pambata; essential maternal/child health services; nutrition education with 10 nutrition guidelines (varied diet, exclusive breastfeeding 0-6 months, etc.).
Vitamin A SUPPLEMENTATION: universal supplementation for 6-71 months; dosage and schedule outlined; special measures for measles, persistent diarrhea.
IRON SUPPLEMENTATION: dose depending on age/condition; protocols for pregnant women, infants, and children.
IODINE SUPPLEMENTATION: iodized oil supplementation for schoolchildren and women of childbearing age.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SANITATION
TRIAD: Man, Disease Agent, Environment; environmental health aims to modify factors to reduce disease risk.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH STRATEGIES: change people’s behavior (food safety, handwashing); prevent production of disease agents (treatment of wastewater); increase host resistance (immunization).
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICE: DOH/NCDCP; focuses on sanitation programs, water quality surveillance, safe food handling, waste management, disaster sanitation.
MAJOR PROGRAMS/L AWS (DOH AO policies): RH service packages; Newborn Screening (RA 9288); Expanded Immunization; maternal/child health; environmental controls.
WATE R SUPPLY/ SANITATION: levels of water supply (Level I–III) with capacity, distance to households, and storage; excreta disposal levels (Level I–II).
FOOD SAFETY: food establishment inspections; hygiene; safety rights and handling; safe cooking, storage, and disposal practices.
HEALTH PROGRAMS: SENTRONG SIGLA (SSM)
Sentrong Sigla Movement focuses on quality assurance across core public health programs; certification of health facilities; four pillars: Quality Assurance, Grants/Technical Assistance, Health Promotion, and Award Level and Scope.
Phases of SSM certification: Phase I basic standards (Level I); Phase II expanded standards (Level II); Certification duration = 2 years; continuous quality improvement.
GOALS: improve quality of outpatient and public health services; recognize facilities meeting standards; encourage ongoing quality improvements.
MONTHLY PROGRAMS OF DOH
DOH theme months emphasize specific areas (e.g., heart month, breast cancer awareness, immunization drives, family planning, disaster readiness, etc.).
HERBAL MEDICINE (SANTA LUBBY) AND ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES
Common Philippine medicinal plants (Lagundi, Akapulko, Niyog-Niyogan, Tsaang Gubat, Ampalaya, Lagundi, Sambong, Ulasimang Bato, Bayabas, Bawang, Yerba Buena, Sambon, etc.) used for anti-edema, diuretic, anti-fungal, asthma, diarrhea, anemia, etc.
SAFETY GUIDELINES: avoid insecticides; use proper preparation; use only one plant per symptom; discontinue if allergy; consult physician if no improvement after several doses.
Other modality: Acupressure and Acupuncture; Tsun measurement; cautions about pregnancy, tumors, and certain foods; practitioner roles.
Botika ng Barangay (BNB): community drug outlet to provide affordable basic medicines; run by community organizations with licensed pharmacist supervision; goals include rational distribution of medicines, public access, and NGO/LGU partnerships.
LAWS AFFECTING PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
Public health and CHN-related laws include:
Letter of Instruction 949 (PHC; Alma-Ata)
RA 7160 (Local Government Code) – shift of health delivery to LGUs
RA 7305 (Magna Carta for Public Health Workers)
EO 102 (DOH roles and functions)
RA 7883 (BHWS benefits/incentives)
RA 7875 (National Health Insurance Act)/ RA 11223 (Universal Health Care Act)
RA 8423 (PITAHC creation)
RA 9502 (Cheaper Medicines Act)
RA 7846 (Hep B vaccination), RA 9709 (Newborn Screening Act), RA 10152 (Mandatory Infant/Child Immunization)
Other maternal/child laws: Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Act (RA 7600); Newborn Screening Act (RA 9288); Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (RA 9709); Family Planning mandates (P.D. 965; RA 10354 – Reproductive Health Law)
ENVIRONMENTAL laws: Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Solid Waste Management Act, Sanitation code (P.D. 856), etc.
SENIOR CITIZEN LAWS: Expanded/renewed benefits and PhilHealth coverage for seniors; discounts in public facilities; special privileges.
HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE PROGRAM
LEGAL MANDATE: PD No. 1566 (1978) – strengthen disaster response; National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC); DOH as lead agency.
RA 7160 (Local Government Code) – transfer of responsibilities to LGUs; disaster funding provisions (calamity fund).
DISASTER CLASSIFICATIONS: Natural vs man-made; acute vs slow-onset.
KEY ELEMENTS: hazards, vulnerability, capacity; risk = hazard × vulnerability − capacity; health effects include disease outbreaks, infrastructure loss, food shortages, mental health impacts; general disaster management principles emphasize protection of people and critical resources, integration with development plans, and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS (IMCI)
PURPOSE: reduce under-five mortality from communicable diseases via integrated case management, health system improvements, and community practices.
COMPONENTS: (1) improve case management skills of health workers; (2) strengthen health systems to deliver IMCI; (3) improve family/community practices.
GENERAL DANGER SIGNS (CANS): Convulsions, Abnormal inactivity, Not able to drink, Severe vomiting.
ASSESSMENT & CLASSIFICATION: Evaluate cough/DOB, diarrhea/dehydration, fever/malaria, measles, ear problems, malnutrition; use first-line antibiotics (Amoxicillin) and second-line (Cotrimoxazole) as indicated; use spacer for inhaled bronchodilators when wheeze present.
SICK CHILD AGE 2 MONTHS UP TO 5 YEARS: classify as Very Severe Disease, Pneumonia, Cough/Cold, Diarrhea with dehydration severities, Malaria risk, Measles, Ear infection, Malnutrition; plan management and follow-up accordingly.
SICK YOUNG INFANT UP TO 2 MONTHS: assess for Very Severe Disease/Local Bacterial Infection; manage with IM antibiotics as needed; refer urgently if needed.
NEWBORN SCREENING (NBS)
DEFINITION: test for congenital metabolic disorders that can cause mental retardation or death if untreated (RA 9288).
TIMING: usually 2nd–3rd day of life (some disorders detectable earlier/later); heel-prick blood sample on filter paper; results in 7–14 days.
PROTOCOL: collect from heel with sterile technique; allow cards to dry; avoid contamination; send to NS Center; positive results reported immediately; families informed.
DETECTABLE DISEASES: congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia, phenylketonuria, G6PD deficiency, maple syrup urine disease, etc.
EEINC (EARLY ESSENTIAL INTRA-PARTAL & NEWBORN CARE)
INTERVENTIONS WITHIN FIRST 90 MINUTES (essential newborn care):
Immediate and thorough drying; stimulation of breathing; skin-to-skin contact; early initiation of breastfeeding; delayed cord clamping (1–3 minutes) to increase blood volume/iron stores; non-separation of baby from mother (rooming-in).
CARE FROM 90 MINUTES TO 6 HOURS: vitamin K prophylaxis; Hep B and BCG vaccinations; examination of baby; care for low birthweight/small babies; kangaroo mother care for preterm infants; routine resuscitation if needed; newborn screening/testing; discharge planning.
ESSENTIAL OILS (brief)
Common oils and uses: Lavender (stress/pain/sleep), Tea Tree (antimicrobial), Frankincense (inflammation/mood), Peppermint (inflammation/fatigue), Eucalyptus (cold relief), Lemon/Lemongrass/Orange (antibacterial, mood, nausea relief), Rosemary (cognition; caution in pregnancy/epilepsy/hypertension), Bergamot (stress relief; sun sensitivity), Cedarwood (sleep/anxiety). Practical cautions include avoiding ingestion and certain preexisting conditions.
SUMMARY NOTES FOR LAST-MINUTE REVIEW
CHN focuses on population health; family/community as units; prevention-first approach; use nursing process in the community setting.
PHN vs CHN: PHN is public-health-oriented with a public sector lens; CHN is broader, community-based practice with intersectoral links.
Key health system anchors: Alma-Ata/PHC, Astana Declaration; Fourmula One framework; Universal Health Care Act RA 11223.
Core PHC elements: environmental sanitation, maternal/child health, immunization, essential drugs, nutrition, treatment, sanitation; 5 A’s accessibility, availability, affordability, acceptability, adequacy; community participation and decentralized governance.
IMCI, NBS, EPI, and RH are integrated into daily CHN practice; emphasis on case management, preventive services, and family/community education.
Data systems (FHSIS) and epidemiology underpin planning and evaluation; vital statistics formulas are essential for population health metrics.
Disaster preparedness and environmental health are integral to CHN work; risk management relies on hazard, vulnerability, and capacity assessments.
Herbal medicines and BOTIKA ng BARANGAY illustrate community-based approaches to accessible healthcare; laws ensure public health practice is supported and regulated.
// End of concise notes for quick recall; focus on definitions, roles, processes, and core formulas.