Acid-Base Reactions, Buffers, and Mass-Mass Quiz

Acid-Base Reactions

• $a special type of double replacement reaction; “neutralization reaction“$
• Two types:
  • “H“ at the front of the acid + “OH“ at the end of the base
  • “H“ at the front of the acid + no “OH“ in the base (only applies to NH3)
  • The NH3 turns into NH4+ and the second element/compound will have a negative charge

Combustion

• $a special type of double replacement reaction; occurs when oxygen reacts with a fuel to produce water, carbon dioxide, and a large amount of energy$
  • methane gas, propane gas, and butane gas

Titration

• $an experimental technique to determine the concentration or volume needed$
• usually used in acid-base reactions
  • $equivalence point$ - when [H+] = [OH-]
  • $endpoint$ - when the indicator changes color
• $refer back to Titration Graphs$
  • Strong Acid +Strong Base
  • equivalence point = 7
  • Strong Acid + Weak Base
  • equivalence point < 7
  • Weak Acid +Strong Base
  • equivalence point > 7
  • Weak Acid + Weak Base
  • equivalence point = 7
• $refer back to Titration Equation$

Buffers

• a chemical that you can add to maintain the pH of a system
• can release or absorb H+ as needed

Mass-Mass Problems

• determines how much of each reactant and product are present
• $refer back to notes for equation$
• $limiting reagent$ - the reactant that runs out first
• $in excess$ - the reactant left over
• $theoretical yield$ - the least amount able to be produced
• $experimental yield$ - what is actually produced
• $percent yield$ - ey/ty