Untitled Flashcards Set

Worksheet A

1. Students should draw the global wind belts:

   • Trade Winds (0°-30° N/S) curve westward

   • Westerlies (30°-60° N/S) curve eastward

   • Polar Easterlies (60°-90° N/S) curve westward

2. "R" should be placed at the equator (0°) and 60° N/S (rising air). "S" should be placed at 30° N/S and 90° N/S (sinking air).

3. Rain clouds should be drawn at 0° and 60° N/S.

Worksheet B

1. The Coriolis Effect describes how Earth's rotation causes moving air and water to curve. This deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing global wind systems.

2. There are 5 major ocean gyres.

3. Major gyres:

   • North Atlantic Gyre

   • South Atlantic Gyre

   • North Pacific Gyre

   • South Pacific Gyre

   • Indian Ocean Gyre

4. Gyres rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

5. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch and other trash accumulations.

6. Plastic debris harms marine life by causing ingestion, entanglement, and poisoning.

7. Nucleosynthesis is the process of forming elements in stars. It releases light and heat energy. Lighter elements like hydrogen and helium form in regular stars, while heavier elements form in supernovae.

Worksheet C

1. Students should use the provided diagram to determine the correct seawater temperature.

2. Seasonal changes affect salinity:

   • Higher evaporation in summer increases salinity.

   • Higher rainfall or freshwater input lowers salinity.

Worksheet D

1. Students should draw:

   • A temperature profile for 60° N/S showing a thermocline.

   • A salinity profile for 90° N/S.

   • A density profile for the equator.

2. Upwelling sites bring nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, supporting marine life.

3. Thermohaline circulation is the movement of ocean water driven by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). Cold, salty water sinks, driving deep ocean currents.

Worksheet E

1. Symbiotic relationships:

   • Mutualism (+/+)

   • Commensalism (+/0)

   • Parasitism (+/-)

2. Copepods are primary consumers.

3. Squid are tertiary consumers.

4. Diatoms are producers.

5. The squid would receive 925 calories (10% rule: 925,000 → 92,500 → 9,250→925).

6. The lantern fish would have 8,000 calories (reverse 10% rule: 8 → 80 → 800 → 8,000).

7. Most energy is lost as heat through metabolism and cellular respiration.

Worksheet F

1. HIPPO:

   • Habitat destruction

   • Invasive species

   • Pollution

   • Population growth

   • Overexploitation

2. Excess CO2:

   • Causes ocean acidification, harming shell-forming organisms.

   • Ocean can only hold so much carbon dioxide until it can’t hold anymore and it is re-emitted to atmosphere intensifying warming

3. Human CO2 emissions:

   • Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities.

   • Ocean warming disrupts fisheries and our comfort!

4. Eutrophication is excessive nutrient buildup leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion, suffocating aquatic life.

5. Primary consumer populations would likely increase.

6. Original tertiary consumers would decline due to competition.

7. Problems include overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems.