EXERCISE SCIENCE — UNIT 1

EXERCISE SCIENCE

• STUDY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT, EXERCISE, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.

• INCLUDES BIOMECHANICS, EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY, SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY, NUTRITION, MOTOR LEARNING, MOTOR CONTROL, AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT.

EXERCISE SCIENCE VS. EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

• EXERCISE SCIENCE: BROAD FIELD WITH MANY SUBDISCIPLINES.

• EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY: STUDIES THE BODY'S RESPONSES AND ADAPTATIONS TO EXERCISE.

HISTORY

• BLAIR STUDY: IMPORTANT RESEARCH CONNECTING PHYSICAL FITNESS/ACTIVITY WITH HEALTH AND MORTALITY.

• COLEMAN GRIFFITH: CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY.

• GIOVANNI BORELLI: CONTRIBUTED TO BIOMECHANICS AND THE STUDY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT.

• HARVARD FATIGUE LAB: IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY; STUDIED FATIGUE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE.

PROFESSION / PRE-PROFESSIONAL

• PROFESSION: CAREER REQUIRING SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING.

• PRE-PROFESSIONAL ROUTE: EDUCATION/TRAINING THAT PREPARES YOU FOR A PROFESSIONAL CAREER.

PERSONALITY TRAITS

• COMMUNICATION

• PROFESSIONALISM

• EMPATHY

• TEAMWORK

• RESPONSIBILITY

• CRITICAL THINKING

• PATIENCE

MORBIDITY VS. MORTALITY

• MORBIDITY = ILLNESS/DISEASE

• MORTALITY = DEATH

CREDENTIALING

• CERTIFICATION: CREDENTIAL SHOWING YOU MEET PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS.

• LICENSURE: LEGAL PERMISSION FROM THE GOVERNMENT TO PRACTICE.

• REGISTRATION: FORMAL RECORD/RECOGNITION OF A PROFESSIONAL.

• KNOW WHICH PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OFFER CERTIFICATION VS. LICENSURE.

CEUS

• CEU = CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIT

• USED TO MAINTAIN/UPDATE PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND CREDENTIALS.

• EXAMPLES: WORKSHOPS, COURSES, CONFERENCES, SEMINARS.

FIELD VS. LABORATORY RESEARCH

• FIELD: REAL-WORLD ENVIRONMENT.

• LAB: CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.

• FIELD = MORE REALISTIC.

• LAB = MORE CONTROLLED.

ACUTE VS. CHRONIC

• ACUTE RESPONSE: IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE.

  • ↑ HEART RATE

  • ↑ BREATHING

  • ↑ BODY TEMPERATURE

• CHRONIC ADAPTATION: LONG-TERM CHANGE FROM REGULAR EXERCISE.

  • ↑ STRENGTH

  • ↑ MUSCLE SIZE

  • ↑ ENDURANCE

ACUTE = RIGHT NOW
CHRONIC = OVER TIME

ERGONOMICS

• STUDY OF HOW PEOPLE INTERACT WITH THEIR WORK ENVIRONMENT, EQUIPMENT, AND TASKS.

• GOALS: SAFETY, COMFORT, EFFICIENCY.

BIOMECHANICS

• BIOMECHANICS: STUDY OF HUMAN MOVEMENT USING MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES.

• SPORT BIOMECHANICS: MOVEMENT RELATED TO SPORTS/PERFORMANCE.

• CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS: MOVEMENT RELATED TO HEALTH, INJURY, AND REHABILITATION.

MOTOR LEARNING / CONTROL / DEVELOPMENT

• MOTOR LEARNING: ACQUIRING AND IMPROVING MOTOR SKILLS.

• MOTOR CONTROL: HOW THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROLS MOVEMENT.

• MOTOR DEVELOPMENT: HOW MOVEMENT CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE LIFESPAN.

FEEDBACK

• KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS: FEEDBACK ABOUT THE OUTCOME OF A MOVEMENT.

• FADING FEEDBACK: GRADUALLY REDUCING FEEDBACK AS SKILL IMPROVES.

OPEN VS. CLOSED LOOP

• OPEN LOOP: MOVEMENT OCCURS WITHOUT USING FEEDBACK DURING THE MOVEMENT.

• CLOSED LOOP: FEEDBACK IS USED DURING MOVEMENT TO MAKE CORRECTIONS.

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• ACSM: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE (certification)

• NSCA: NATIONAL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING ASSOCIATION (certification)

• NATA: NATIONAL ATHLETIC TRAINERS' ASSOCIATION
  ACE → CERTIFICATION
  NATA → BOC CERTIFICATION + STATE LICENSURE
  AASP → CERTIFICATION
  ASEP → CERTIFICATION
  APTA → STATE LICENSURE
  AOTA → NBCOT CERTIFICATION + STATE LICENSURE

SPORTS MEDICINE

• FIELD INVOLVING THE PREVENTION, EVALUATION, TREATMENT, AND REHABILITATION OF SPORTS/EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES AND CONDITIONS.

HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONS

• PHYSICAL THERAPY (PT): MOVEMENT, FUNCTION, AND REHABILITATION.

• OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (OT): HELPING PEOPLE PERFORM DAILY ACTIVITIES.

• ATHLETIC TRAINING: PREVENTION, EVALUATION, TREATMENT, AND REHABILITATION OF ATHLETIC INJURIES.

• CHIROPRACTOR: FOCUSES ON THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.

• PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT (PA): PRACTICES MEDICINE AS PART OF A HEALTHCARE TEAM.

MORBIDITY = DISEASE
MORTALITY = DEATH
ACUTE = IMMEDIATE
CHRONIC = LONG-TERM
FIELD = REAL WORLD
LAB = CONTROLLED
OPEN LOOP = NO FEEDBACK DURING MOVEMENT
CLOSED LOOP = FEEDBACK DURING MOVEMENT
MOTOR LEARNING = LEARNING SKILLS
MOTOR CONTROL = CONTROLLING MOVEMENT
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT = CHANGES OVER LIFESPAN
CERTIFICATION = CREDENTIAL
LICENSURE = LEGAL PERMISSION