Recognize the traditional owners, the Kulin Nations, of the land where the presentation takes place, respecting their elders, past and present.
Lecture Outline
Epidemiology of heart disease and stroke in Australia
Predicting the future burden of stroke in Australia
Epidemiology of Heart Disease and Stroke in Australia
Trends from 2001 - 2020
Age-standardised rates of ischaemic heart disease have declined.
Ischaemic heart disease statistics:
One heart attack occurs approximately every 9 minutes.
About 57,000 new heart attacks each year.
Incidence rate: 277 events per 100,000 person-years.
Stroke statistics:
One stroke occurs about every 15 minutes.
Approximately 39,500 new strokes each year.
Incidence rate: 124 events per 100,000 person-years.
Age and Sex Distribution of Stroke and Ischaemic Heart Disease
Stroke Incidence (2020) (per 100,000):
<25 years: Very low incidence
Increases significantly with age; men generally have higher rates than women.
Ischaemic heart disease incidence:
Similar pattern to stroke with increased rates in older age groups.
Prevalence of Stroke and Heart Disease
Self-reported prevalence in 2017-2018:
Ischaemic Heart Disease: ≈580,300 Australians (3.1% of adult population)
Stroke: ≈387,000 Australians (1.6% of adult population)
Leading Causes of Death in Australia (2021)
Ischaemic heart disease:
17,331 deaths (10% of total deaths, 41% of CVD deaths).
Men 2.9 times more likely to die from ischaemic heart disease than prostate cancer.
Stroke:
8,400 deaths (5% of total deaths, 20% of CVD deaths).
Women 2.4 times more likely to die from stroke than breast cancer.
Deaths Over Time (1980-2019)
Declining age-standardized rates of death due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
Socioeconomic Disparities
Higher mortality rates in lower socioeconomic groups.
Men and women both show higher stroke rates in disadvantaged groups.
Risk of Recurrent Stroke
Studies indicate a significant risk of recurrent strokes:
Perth Community Stroke Study: 43% recurrence within 10 years.
Population-based study: 26.8% recurrence within 10 years.
Economic Burden of Heart Disease and Stroke
2018-19 Healthcare costs attributable to CVD:
Total: $11.8 billion (8.7% of total health expenditure)
Ischaemic heart disease: $2.4 billion
Stroke: $663 million
Societal costs of stroke in Australia exceed AU$6.2 billion in direct financial costs and AU$26.0 billion in lost wellbeing and premature death.
Predicting Future Burden of Stroke in Australia
Current trends and projections show an increasing number of strokes correlating with an aging population.
Assumed attack rates signify future burdens will remain precarious without effective prevention.
Concluding Remarks
Recognize that ischaemic heart disease and stroke differ in incidence among various demographics, emphasizing the need for preventative measures propelled by lifestyle choices.
Next Lecture
Exploration of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).