accessory organs & diseases - diseases

Diseases of the Integumentary System

1. Cancer

  • Significant concern within the integumentary system.

  • Cell cycle becomes unregulated in cancer.

  • Different types due to various skin cells:

    • Basal Cell Carcinoma: Originates from keratinocytes.

    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Also arises from keratinocytes, specifically involves the stratum spinosum.

    • Melanoma: Cancer of melanocytes.

2. Common Disorders

  • Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis):

    • Related to immune responses.

    • Causes skin irritation, redness, and itching.

  • Acne:

    • Not immune-related; results from plugged hair follicles with excess sebum.

    • Can lead to bacterial infection and inflammation.

3. Injuries

  • Burns: Classified as follows:

    • 1st Degree Burns: Affect only the epidermis (mild).

    • 2nd Degree Burns: Affect deeper layers but not full dermis.

    • 3rd Degree Burns: Extend through the dermis, affecting deeper tissue.

    • 4th Degree Burns: Most severe, affecting bones and muscles.

  • Calluses: Formed from prolonged pressure, increasing local skin thickness.

  • Bed Sores: Result from prolonged pressure reducing blood supply, leading to tissue death.

  • Scarring: Excess collagen production during healing can result in scars or keloids (an overproduction of collagen).