Properties of Matter

  • Extensive Properties: Depend on how much matter is present. Ex: Volume, Mass, Energy Content

  • Intensive Properties: Only depends on the kind of matter, not how much. Ex: Substances take different times to melt or boil, and have certain densities. 

  • Physical Property:Property that a substance displays without changing composition. Ex: Odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density.   

  • Chemical Property: Property that substance displays only by changing composition through chemical changes or reactions. Ex: Corrosiveness, acidity, and toxicity.

  • Physical Change: Alter only state or appearance. Atoms and molecules do not change. Ex: state changes.

  • Chemical change: Alters composition/identity of substances, allowing them to rearrange, transform the original substances into different substances. Ex: Iron rusting produces Iron Oxide. 

  • Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. Often classified into states: solid, liquid, or gas. Also can be classified by composition

  • Pure Substances:  Made up of only one component and its composition is invariant.

    • Elements: Substances that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances. 

      • Basic building blocks of matter

      • Composed of single atoms like helium

    • Molecules: Substances composed of two or more atoms. They can be two atoms of the same element. 

    • Compound: substance composed of two or more types of elements.

  • Mixture: Substance composed by two or more components, the proportions can vary in different samples.

    • Heterogeneous mixture: composition varies in different regions of the mixture. Ex: oil, chicken noodle soup.

    • Homogenous mixtures: uniform compositions, atoms or molecules are mixed uniformly. Ex: Salt water, air.

  • Mixtures are separable because the different components have different physical or chemical properties.

    • Decanting: Pouring water into different containers.

    • Distillation: Homogeneous mixture of liquids can be separated. Mixtures are heated to boil off the volatile and easily vapor=izable liquid. The volatile liquid is re-condensed and collected in a separate flask. 

    • Electrolysis of Water - Compounds must be separated by chemical means, and with the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements.