SLP - Ch. 2

  • Typical vs. normal
  • Atypical vs. abnormal
  • Language
    • A socially shared code that is used to represent concepts
    • Socially shared tool
    • A rule-governed system
    • An arbitrary code
    • A generative process
    • A dynamic scheme
  • Form
    • Syntax
    • Morphology
    • phonology
  • Content
    • semantics
  • Use
    • Pragmatics
  • Syntax/sentences
    • The way words are arranged
  • Morphology
    • A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit within a language
    • Free morphemes - can stand by itself
    • A word
    • Ex: cat
    • Bound morphemes - can't stand by itself, usually a word ending or beginning
    • Ex: “-ing”, “-ed”
  • Phonology
    • Phono = sound
    • Speaks directly to hearing and speaking sounds (phonemes)
  • Semantics 
    • The understanding of language
    • Mainly vocab
    • Understanding of a word
    • Multiple meaning words
    • Figurative language
  • Pragmatics
    • Delivery of a message
  • Articulation
    • The way in which speech sounds are formed
    • What to do with teeth, lips, air
    • How to combine sounds
    • Ex: frontal lisp
  • Fluency
    • Pauses
    • Rate
    • Prosody - rate and rhythm
    • Ex: “Please, call me the next time you need help.” with emphasis
    • “Sit down and don’t get up again.” - in a whisper
  • Phonological process
    • A language base (rule-governed) error pattern
    • Final consonant deletion
    • Fronting = Using t/k and d/g
  • Voice
    • Quality - hoarse?
    • Loudness
    • Stress
    • Pitch - perception of how high and low a sound is
    • intonation 
  • Non-verbal communication
    • Artifacts - halo effect
    • Kinesics (ki-nee-siks)
    • Tactiles - hand signs
    • Proxemics = space - closeness
    • Chronemics (crow-nem-iks) = time - “I’ll be there after work.”