The skin
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin?
A) Dermis
B) Epidermis
C) Hypodermis
D) Subcutaneous tissue
Answer: B) Epidermis
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and melanin production?
A) Stratum corneum
B) Stratum lucidum
C) Stratum basale
D) Stratum granulosum
Answer: C) Stratum basale
Which epidermal cells are responsible for immune defense?
A) Keratinocytes
B) Melanocytes
C) Merkel cells
D) Langerhans cells
Answer: D) Langerhans cells
What is the main function of the hypodermis?
A) Sensory reception
B) Protection against UV radiation
C) Insulation and energy storage
D) Waterproofing
Answer: C) Insulation and energy storage
Which layer of the dermis contains dermal papillae that enhance grip and house capillaries?
A) Reticular layer
B) Papillary layer
C) Hypodermis
D) Epidermis
Answer: B) Papillary layer
Which gland is responsible for thermoregulation?
A) Sebaceous gland
B) Apocrine gland
C) Eccrine gland
D) Ceruminous gland
Answer: C) Eccrine gland
What is the primary function of melanocytes?
A) Detect sensory stimuli
B) Produce keratin
C) Produce melanin to protect against UV radiation
D) Aid in wound healing
Answer: C) Produce melanin to protect against UV radiation
Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting pressure and vibration?
A) Merkel cells
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Free nerve endings
D) Langerhans cells
Answer: B) Pacinian corpuscles
What is the main structural protein found in the epidermis?
A) Elastin
B) Collagen
C) Keratin
D) Myosin
Answer: C) Keratin
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
A) Excretion of waste products
B) Vitamin C synthesis
C) Sensory reception
D) Thermoregulation
Answer: B) Vitamin C synthesis
What is the role of sebaceous glands?
A) Produce sweat for cooling
B) Secrete sebum to moisturize the skin and hair
C) Detect temperature changes
D) Provide immune defense
Answer: B) Secrete sebum to moisturize the skin and hair
Which skin adaptation results from repeated friction?
A) Increased melanin production
B) Callus formation
C) Reduced keratinization
D) Decreased collagen production
Answer: B) Callus formation
Which type of sweat gland becomes active during emotional stress?
A) Eccrine gland
B) Apocrine gland
C) Sebaceous gland
D) Ceruminous gland
Answer: B) Apocrine gland
What triggers the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin?
A) Blood circulation
B) UV radiation
C) Sweat production
D) Sebum secretion
Answer: B) UV radiation
What is the main function of the stratum corneum?
A) Cell division
B) Sensory detection
C) Formation of a protective barrier
D) Blood supply to the epidermis
Answer: C) Formation of a protective barrier