Dari Vocabulary Flashcards

Family Vocabulary

• Mom and dad: madar wah padar

• Siblings: khwar yaa byadar

• Married: aroosi kardan

• Niece/nephew: byadar zaada | khwar zaada

• Grandparents: Padar kalan wah madar kalaneh

• Alive: zinda astan

• With: hamrayeh

Time

• Month: Maa

• Year: Saal

• Day: Rohz

• Week: Hafta

• Today: Em-rohz

• Yesterday: Dee-rohz

• Tomorrow: Sabaa

Kitchen Items

• Spoon: Qashuq

• Dish: Zarf

• Plate: Bishqab

• Bowl: Kasa

• Cup: Gaylas

• Teacup: Pyala

• Fork: Panja

• Knife: Kard

Grammar - Present Tense (Deedan: To See)

• I eat / I am eating: Mah maykhorum

• You eat / You are eating (informal): Tu maykhori

• He/She eats / He/She is eating: Ou maykhora

• We eat / We are eating: Maah maykhoreym

• You eat / You are eating (formal): Shuma maykhoreyn

• They eat / They are eating: Oon-ha maykhoran / Eyn-ha maykhoran

Grammar - Present Tense (Khordan: To Eat)

• I see / I am seeing: Mah may-been-um

• You see / You are seeing (informal): Tu may-been-i

• He/She sees / He/She is seeing: Ou may-been-a

• We see / We are seeing: Maah may-been-eym

• You see / You are seeing (formal): Shuma may-been-eyn

• They see / They are seeing: Oon-ha may-been-an / Eyn-ha may-been-an

The Object Marker: Ra

• Used to specify the direct object, similar to "the" in English.

• Placed after direct objects that the hearer can identify.

• The direct object is the noun phrase that receives the action of a verb.

• Rules:

  • Only placed after a direct object.

  • Never used with indirect objects.

• Placement:

  • At the end of the noun phrase.

  • After adjectives if they follow the noun.

• Omission:

  • Sentences ending with the verb "to be" (boodan) do not use 'ra'.

  • Sentences where a preposition holds the direct object do not use 'ra'.

• Inclusion:

  • After transitive verbs (verbs that need an object).

  • When the English sentence includes 'the'.

  • When an object includes pronouns like 'my', 'your', 'his', etc.

  • Choosing a specific item from a broader category.

  • Pronouns

  • Noun phrases with ‘this’ or ‘that’

  • Nouns called ‘the best’ , ‘the most’ , ‘the worst’ , ‘the first’ , ‘the last’ etc.

  • Proper nouns

  • Possessed nouns always get the object marker.

• Steps for Determining if ‘Ra’ is in a Sentence

  • Step 1: Does the sentence end with the verb to be (boodan) regardless of the tense?

  • Step 2: Does the sentence include a prepositional phrase? If so, does the prepositional phrase include the direct object?

  • Step 3: Does the sentence include any words that would warrant a ‘ra’?

Culture Chat

• Bay-shak: Without doubt; used when impressed/surprised by someone's actions.

Colors

• Naswari: brown

• Zard: yellow

• Yasamani: purple

• Narenji: orange

• Surkh: red

• Sabz: green

• Safeyd: white

• Telayi: gold

• Ahbee: blue

• Gulabi: pink

• See-yah: black

• Foladi: grey

Food

• Egg: Tukhom تخم

• Alcohol: Sharaab شراب

• Bread: Naan-eh Khushk نان خشک

• Salad: Salataa سلاته

• Soup: Aush آش

• Cheese: Paneer پنیر

• Rice: Berinj برنج

• Oil: Roghan روغن

Parts of the Body

• Head: Sar سر

• Hip: Sureyn سرین

• Leg/Foot: Paai پای

• Knee: Zanoo زانو

• Hand: Dist or Dast دست

• Elbow: Arinj آرنج

• Shoulder: Shaana شانه

• Chest | Breast: Seyna سینه

• Thigh: Ron ران

• Neck: Gardan گردن

• Throat: Guloon گلون

Opposites

• Expensive: Qeemat قیمت

• Cheap: Arzan ارزان

• Near: Nazdeek نزدیک

• Far: Dewr دور

• Young: Jawaan جوان

• Old [person]: Peer پیر

• New: Naw نو

• Old [object]: Konah کهنه