Comprehensive Study Notes on Protein Composition, Composition, and Dietary Requirements
Chemical Composition of Protein
Protein is primarily composed of smaller structural units known as Amino Acids. Every individual Amino Acid is made up of a specific combination of chemical elements, specifically Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. This group of elements is often referred to by the acronym CHON. The element Nitrogen is a critical component of protein composition, distinguishing it from other macronutrients.
Classes and Biological Value of Proteins
Proteins are categorized into two distinct classes based on their source and their biological utility to the human body. The first class is Animal Protein, which is defined as having a High Biological Value (HBV). These proteins are considered essential and are specifically needed for growth within the body. The second class is Vegetable Protein, which is defined as having a Low Biological Value (LBV).
Dietary Sources of Protein
Sources of protein are typically grouped according to their classification as either animal or vegetable-based. HBV (High Biological Value) protein sources consist of anything that comes from an animal origin. Specific examples include Red Meat, Chicken, Fish, Eggs, Cheese, Yoghurt, and Milk. Conversely, LBV (Low Biological Value) protein sources are derived from plants. These include Peas, Beans, Lentils, Pasta, Nuts, Brown Rice, Brown Bread, and various types of Breakfast Cereals.
Physiological Functions of Protein
Protein performs multiple vital functions required for the maintenance of health and bodily structure. Firstly, it is fundamental for the growth and repair of the body. Secondly, it is responsible for the repair of damaged cells; a practical example of this function is the healing process that occurs when you cut yourself. Thirdly, protein is necessary for the production of essential biological molecules, including hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. Finally, protein serves as a source of heat and energy within the body.
Recommended Intake (R.I) of Protein
The Recommended Intake (R.I) for protein is calculated based on an individual's specific body mass. The standard requirement is formulated as of Protein for every of body weight. For example, an individual with a body weight of would require a daily intake of of protein.