APES FRQ Study Guide: Key Topics to Review

Earth Systems & Resources: Plate tectonics, soil, water cycle, atmosphere. Focus: Soil erosion, landforms & weather effects.

Ecosystems & Biodiversity: Food webs, 10% rule, succession, cycles, services. Focus: Energy/nutrient flow, habitat destruction.

Population: Growth, carrying capacity, rates, transition. Focus: Growth rates, resource pressure.

Land & Water Use: Agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing. Focus: Sustainable vs industrial, environmental effects.

Energy: Fossil fuels, nuclear, renewables, efficiency. Focus: Pros/cons, energy calculations.

Pollution: Air, water, solid waste. Focus: Cause -> effect -> solution, mitigation.

Global Change: Greenhouse gases, climate change, sea level, ozone, habitat loss. Focus: Causes/effects, evaluate solutions.

Math & Data Analysis: Population, energy, %, graphs. Focus: Show work, interpret results.

Key Vocabulary: Definitions for terms like Abiotic/Biotic, Sustainability, Anthropogenic, Eutrophication, Bioaccumulation, Mitigation, Point/Non-point Source, Trophic Level, Feedback Loops.