TLE

TLE REVIEWER

Agriculture and Information & Communications Technology

PART I — AGRICULTURE

1. Farm Implements, Handheld Tools, and Equipment

Farm Tools

Farm tools are usually handheld devices used to perform specific farming tasks.

Farm Implements

Farm implements are devices or attachments used to perform farm operations, often with animals or machinery.

Farm Equipment

Farm equipment includes machines or mechanical devices that make farming work easier and more efficient.

Remember:

Tool = usually handheld
Implement = device or attachment for farm operations
Equipment = machine/device used to make farm work easier

2. Hazards and Risks in a Farm

Hazard

A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause injury, illness, damage, or harm.

Risk

A risk is the possibility or likelihood that a hazard will cause harm.

Common Farm Hazards

Physical Hazards

• Sharp tools

• Extreme heat

• Slippery surfaces

• Uneven ground

• Excessive noise

Chemical Hazards

• Pesticides

• Fertilizers

• Cleaning chemicals

Biological Hazards

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• Parasites

• Animal waste

Mechanical Hazards

• Moving machinery

• Rotating blades

• Tractors

• Other farm machinery

Electrical Hazards

• Damaged wires

• Faulty equipment

• Wet electrical connections

Ways to Prevent Farm Accidents

• Use tools correctly.

• Wear appropriate PPE.

• Keep the workplace clean.

• Store chemicals properly.

• Follow safety instructions.

• Inspect tools and equipment before use.

• Do not operate machinery without proper training.

3. Farm Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE means Personal Protective Equipment.

PPE protects workers from hazards that may cause injury or illness.

Important:

PPE should be selected according to the hazard and activity.

4. Basic First Aid

First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to an injured or ill person before professional medical help is available.

Basic First-Aid Principles

1. Stay calm.

2. Make sure the area is safe.

3. Check the person’s condition.

4. Call for help when necessary.

5. Give appropriate first aid within your training.

6. Avoid making the injury worse.

Common Farm Injuries

Cuts and Wounds

• Clean your hands.

• Control bleeding with appropriate pressure.

• Cover the wound with a clean dressing.

• Seek medical attention for serious wounds.

Burns

• Cool the burn with clean, cool running water.

• Do not apply ice directly.

• Seek medical attention for serious burns.

Eye Exposure

• Do not rub the eye.

• Rinse with clean water if appropriate.

• Get medical help for serious chemical exposure or persistent pain or vision problems.

Animal Bites

• Wash the wound with soap and running water.

• Seek medical attention promptly because some bites may require further treatment.

5. Practices of Crop Care

Watering/Irrigation

Provides crops with the water they need for growth.

Weeding

Removing unwanted plants that compete with crops for:

• Water

• Nutrients

• Sunlight

• Space

Fertilizing

Provides nutrients needed for healthy plant growth.

Mulching

Covering the soil around plants with suitable materials such as straw, leaves, or other organic materials.

Benefits:

• Conserves moisture

• Suppresses weeds

• Helps regulate soil temperature

Pest Management

Controls insects and other organisms that damage crops.

Disease Management

Prevents and controls plant diseases.

Pruning

Removing selected branches or plant parts to encourage healthy growth when appropriate.

Thinning

Removing excess seedlings so remaining plants have enough space and resources.

Harvesting

Collecting crops at the proper stage of maturity.

Remember:

Water → Weed → Feed → Protect → Harvest

6. Breeds of Chicken

Easy Memory:

Leghorn → Eggs
Rhode Island Red → Eggs + Meat
Plymouth Rock → Dual-purpose

7. Breeds of Duck

Easy Memory:

Pekin → Meat
Khaki Campbell → Eggs

8. Quail

Japanese Quail / Coturnix japonica

• One of the most commonly raised quail types.

• Raised primarily for eggs and meat.

• Small and relatively fast-growing.

9. Breeds of Cattle

Easy Memory:

Holstein → Milk
Angus → Beef
Brahman → Heat-adapted

10. Breeds of Swine

Easy Memory:

Duroc → Reddish-brown
Hampshire → Black + White Belt

11. Breeds of Goat

Easy Memory:

Boer → Meat
Saanen → Milk

12. Breeds of Rabbit

Easy Memory:

Flemish Giant → Giant
Rex → Fur

13. Types of Poultry Housing

Free-Range System

Birds have access to an outdoor area where they can move around and forage.

Semi-Intensive System

Birds are provided with housing but also have access to an outdoor area.

Intensive System

Birds are kept primarily in controlled housing where feeding, watering, and management are provided.

Deep-Litter System

Birds are raised on a floor covered with bedding material such as rice hulls or wood shavings.

Cage System

Birds are housed in cages designed for management and production.

Characteristics of a Good Poultry House

• Good ventilation

• Adequate space

• Clean drinking water

• Proper feeding facilities

• Good sanitation

• Protection from predators

• Proper drainage

• Protection from extreme weather

PART II — ICT

14. ICT Sectors

ICT means Information and Communications Technology.

ICT involves technologies used to create, store, process, communicate, and exchange information.

Common ICT Sectors

Computer Programming/Software Development

Creates applications, programs, and software.

Web Development

Creates and maintains websites and web applications.

Telecommunications

Provides communication services such as mobile and internet connectivity.

Technical Support

Helps users troubleshoot computer and technology problems.

Digital Media

Includes digital graphics, video, photography, animation, and other digital content.

Animation and Game Development

Creates animations, games, and interactive digital experiences.

IT-Enabled Services/BPO

Uses technology to provide services such as customer support and other business processes.

E-Commerce

Uses digital platforms to buy and sell products or services.

15. ICT Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying an opportunity, organizing resources, taking calculated risks, and creating a product or service to meet a need and earn income.

ICT Entrepreneurship

ICT entrepreneurship means using ICT skills and technology to create a business or income-generating service.

Examples of ICT-Based Businesses

• Computer repair

• Graphic design

• Web development

• Video editing

• Digital marketing

• Online selling

• Printing and layout

• Technical support

• Mobile/computer services

Entrepreneur vs. Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneur → the person who starts or manages a business.

Entrepreneurship → the process or activity of creating and managing a business.

16. Qualities of a Good Entrepreneur

Creative

Develops new ideas and solutions.

Innovative

Uses new or improved methods, products, or services.

Hardworking

Puts effort into achieving goals.

Responsible

Takes responsibility for decisions and actions.

Confident

Believes in their ability while remaining open to learning.

Resourceful

Makes good use of available resources.

Persistent

Continues working despite difficulties.

Adaptable

Can adjust to changes.

Risk-Aware

Understands and evaluates risks before making decisions.

Good Communicator

Can clearly communicate with customers, employees, and partners.

Honest

Builds trust by acting ethically.

17. Hazards in an ICT Workplace

Electrical Hazards

Examples:

• Damaged wires

• Overloaded outlets

• Faulty equipment

• Exposed electrical components

Possible risks: Electric shock, burns, or fire.

Ergonomic Hazards

Examples:

• Poor posture

• Incorrect monitor height

• Improper chair

• Long periods of computer use

• Repetitive movements

Possible risks: Muscle strain, discomfort, and other work-related problems.

Physical Hazards

Examples:

• Loose cables

• Cluttered floors

• Poor lighting

• Slippery surfaces

Possible risks: Trips, falls, and injuries.

Fire Hazards

Examples:

• Overheating equipment

• Overloaded electrical outlets

• Blocked ventilation

Possible risk: Fire.

Environmental Hazards

Examples:

• Excessive heat

• Dust

• Poor ventilation

• Excessive noise

Cybersecurity Hazards

Examples:

• Phishing

• Malware

• Weak passwords

• Unauthorized access

• Unsafe handling of information

18. Safety Precautions in an ICT Workplace

Electrical Safety

• Inspect cords and equipment.

• Do not use damaged electrical equipment.

• Avoid overloading outlets.

• Keep liquids away from electronics.

• Disconnect equipment safely when necessary.

Ergonomic Safety

• Sit with proper posture.

• Adjust your chair and monitor appropriately.

• Keep frequently used items within comfortable reach.

• Take regular breaks during prolonged computer work.

Workplace Safety

• Keep floors and workspaces clean.

• Organize cables.

• Keep emergency exits clear.

• Maintain adequate lighting and ventilation.

Fire Safety

• Do not block ventilation openings.

• Avoid overloading electrical circuits.

• Know the location of fire exits and appropriate fire-extinguishing equipment.

Digital Safety

• Use strong, unique passwords.

• Do not click suspicious links.

• Do not open unknown attachments.

• Keep software updated.

• Protect personal and confidential information.

• Log out of accounts when using shared computers.

⭐ QUICK MASTER REVIEW

AGRICULTURE

Farm Tools

Bolo → cutting
Hoe → cultivating/weeding
Shovel → digging/moving soil
Rake → gathering/leveling
Sickle → cutting/harvesting
Pruning shears → pruning

Farm Implements

Plow → turns soil
Harrow → breaks clods/levels soil
Cultivator → loosens soil/controls weeds
Ridger → makes ridges

PPE

Goggles → Eyes
Gloves → Hands
Boots → Feet
Mask/Respirator → Airborne hazards when appropriate
Ear protection → Hearing
Coveralls → Body

Crop Care

Water → Weed → Feed → Protect → Harvest

Important Breeds

Leghorn → Eggs
Pekin → Meat
Khaki Campbell → Eggs
Japanese Quail → Eggs + Meat
Holstein → Milk
Angus → Beef
Boer → Goat meat
Saanen → Goat milk
Rex → Fur
Flemish Giant → Large rabbit

ICT

ICT

Information and Communications Technology

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneur → Person
Entrepreneurship → Process

Entrepreneur Qualities

Creative + Innovative + Hardworking + Responsible + Confident + Resourceful + Persistent + Adaptable + Risk-Aware + Honest

ICT Hazards

Electrical + Ergonomic + Physical + Fire + Environmental + Cybersecurity

ICT Safety

Protect yourself → Protect the equipment → Protect the workplace → Protect the information

FINAL THINGS TO MEMORIZE

Hazard: Something that can cause harm.

Risk: The possibility that the hazard will cause harm.

PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.

First Aid: Immediate and temporary care given to an injured or ill person.

ICT: Information and Communications Technology.

Entrepreneur: A person who starts or manages a business.

Entrepreneurship: The process of creating and managing a business.