RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN BELGIUM AND NETHERLANDS, and SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, and RUSSIA

Architectural Characters RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN BELGIUM:

  • Rich and
    extravagantly ornate
    oramentation

  • Richness of the tower roofs

  • Buildings are
    flat-fronted and gabled

  • Stepped gable (to hide the diagonal lines of the roof)

  • Brick and stone

EXAMPLE:

Gran Arsenal, Gdansk (1609) poland

  • brick architecture with strapwork decorations

GRAN ARSENAL, Gdansk, Netherlands (1609)

  • finest example of Renaissance architecture in the city

  • The Great Armory was built in 1600-09 on the medieval line of the city walls.

  • A working arsenal until the
    1800's, the armory remains the finest example of Renaissance architecture in the city.

  • Designed by Opberghen

TOWN HALL, Amsterdam (1665)

  • built of blocks of light
    sandstone

  • winning design was
    submitted by the architect Jacob van Campen, and took over a decade to complete

The VLEESHAL, Harlem

  • Meat Hall; was a market
    for fresh ox meat

  • brick architecture

  • ox-heads on the front of the building indicate the
    function of the hall

  • It was designed in renaissance style by
    Lieven de Key

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL:

Renaissance in Spain (Moorish Renaissance) was heir to two civilizations, Moslem and Christian

Development of Spanish Renaissance:

  1. Early Period (PLATERESQUE STYLE)

  • based on plateria or silverwork

  • influenced by the exuberant Moorish art

  • profuse, delicate low-relief ornaments similar to silversmith's work

  1. Classical Period - close adherence to Italian Renaissance

  2. Baroque Period (CHURRIGUERESQUE STYLE)

    • originated from Jose Benito de Churriguera

    • extreme, expressive and florid
      decorative detailing, normally at the main entrance

  3. Antiquarian Period

    • based on ancient classical models

EXAMPLE:

UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA FAÇADE

  • masterpiece in Plateresque style of Moorish inspiration

EL ESCORIAL, Madrid (1563)

  • by Juan Bautista de Toledo

  • largest Renaissance building in the world

  • historical residence of the King of Spain composed of a monastery, church and palace

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA

  • Churrigueresque style western facade by Fernando Casas Novoa

  • End point of Camino De Santiago de Compostela or Way of Saint James (5 weeks)

GRANADA CATHEDRAL (1561)

  • began by Enrique Egas and followed by several architects

  • Renaissance Baroque style

BOM JESUS DO MONTE, Braga (1629)

  • UNESCO World Heritage, 2019

  • noted for its impressive Baroque stairway with 577

CHURCH OF VALEGA, Portugal

(15th Cent.

  • Baroque church

  • facade in Portuguese ceramic tiles

RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN RUSSIA

Development of Russian Baroque

  • Particularly impressive style

  • Began almost a century after it started in
    Italy, thus Russian Renaissance is described as delayed Renaissance.

  • Baroque arrived in Russia in the form of :

  • o construction innovation
    o abundant decoration o colors

3 Phases of Russian Baroque:

  1. Naryshkin Baroque

  2. Petrine Baroque

  3. Elizabethan Baroque

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER:

  1. NARYSHKIN BAROQUE also called Moscow Baroque or Muscovite Baroque (1700-1800)

  • style of Baroque, favored in Moscow was
    derived from Peter's maternal side, the
    Naryshkin

  • fusion of vernacular Russian architecture with European Baroque elements

Characteristics:

  • octagonal towers

  • Greek cross with 5 gold cupolas

  • red bricks trimmed with white stone

example:

CHURCH OF THE INTERCESSION OF THE VIRGIN, Fili

  • one of the most beautiful Naryshkin Baroque buildings

  • elegant with white stone laces

PETROVSKY PALACE, Moscow (1775)

  • overnight residence of royal journeys from St. Petersburg to Moscow

  1. PETRINE BAROQUE

  • style favored by Peter the
    Great in the newly founded
    Russian capital, St.
    Petersburg

  • represented a drastic rupture with Byzantine traditions

Characteristics:

  • simple volumes

  • flat facades

  • church plans in Latin cross

  • palace plans are symmetrical

example:

PETERHOF IMPERIAL PALACE (now PETRODVORETS)

  • by Domenico Trezzini in Petrine Baroque in 1714

  • Bartolomeo Rastrelli completed an expansion in 1747

  • official state residence of the Russian royalty

  1. ELIZABETHAN BAROQUE or

    RASTRELLIAN BAROQUE (1741 and 1762)

    • Russian Rococo style during the reign of Elizabeth of Russia

    • key figure was Bartolomeo Rastrelli

    Characteristics:

    • Greek cross with 5 cupolas

    • green, blue, white colors

    • gold and gilded decorations
      highly ornamented exterior and interior

examples:

Cathedral of S. Andrew, ukraine

Smolny cathedral, S. Petersburg

CATHERINE PALACE Façade, Tsarskoye Selo (1752)

  • 2nd wife of Peter the Great

  • Blue and white facade with gilded atlantes and caryatids

  • 100kg of gold on the exteriors