Math and Science Study Guide: Addition, Parity, and Engineering Solutions

Multi-Digit Addition Strategies and Review

• Addition Problem 1: The teacher and students solved the sum of $124 + 92$.     * Student Strategy: One student suggested adding $80$ to $124$ first to reach $200$, then adding the remaining $12$ and $2$ ($14$ total) to get $216$. However, the teacher clarified the formal alignment method.     * Teacher's Instructional Strategy: Rewrite the problem vertically to align place value positions: ones with ones, tens with tens, and hundreds with hundreds.     * Calculation Breakdown:         * Ones place: $4 + 2 = 6$         * Tens place: $2 + 9 = 11$. Write the $1$ in the tens place and regroup the $1$ to the hundreds place.         * Hundreds place: $1 ( ext{regrouped}) + 1 = 2$         * Final Sum: $216$

• Addition Problem 2 (Multi-Item Sum): Adding $18 + 26 + 14 + 21$.     * Grouping Strategy (Quick Tens): Identify numbers that sum to $10$ to simplify addition. For example, in the ones place ($8, 6, 4, 1$), $6 + 4 = 10$ and $8 + 1 = 9$. This equals $19$.     * Calculation Breakdown:         * Ones place: $8 + 6 + 4 + 1 = 19$. Write $9$ and regroup $1$ to the tens place.         * Tens place: $1 ( ext{regrouped}) + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 7$         * Final Sum: $79$ (referred to as $79$ pounds in a word problem context).

Georgia Milestone Assessments: Schedule and Attendance

• Testing Period: Assessments are scheduled for Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of the upcoming week.

• Attendance Protocol: Students will not have live classes with Miss Curry or Miss Watson. Instead, attendance is recorded based on logging into a specific link sent via email and Canvas messages and completing work in Canvas.

• Consequences for Attendance: If students do not log into the provided link, they will be marked absent.

• Daily Schedule for Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday:     * 08:00 AM - 08:30 AM: Canvas Modules or Clever Apps (I-Ready Blue/Green lessons, Amira).     * 08:30 AM - 09:30 AM: ELA (English Language Arts).     * 09:30 AM - 09:45 AM: Brain Break.     * 09:45 AM - 10:45 AM: Math Class.     * 10:45 AM - 11:15 AM: Canvas Modules / Clever Apps.     * 11:15 AM - 12:15 PM: Lunch Break (Normal schedule remains).     * 12:15 PM - 01:15 PM: Social Studies and Science.     * 01:15 PM - 01:45 PM: Canvas Modules / Clever Apps (Amira, I-Ready, Studies Weekly).

• Thursday Schedule: Normal class schedule resumes.

Even and Odd Numbers: Definitions and Rules

• Standard: Determine whether a group of up to $20$ has an even or odd number of objects. Write an equation to express an even number as a sum of two equal addends.

• Even Number Definition: A whole number that always has $0, 2, 4, 6, ext{ or } 8$ in the ones place. Even objects can be put into pairs or two equal groups without leftovers.

• Odd Number Definition: A whole number that always has $1, 3, 5, 7, ext{ or } 9$ in the ones place. Odd objects cannot be put into pairs/equal groups without a leftover.

• Key Vocabulary:     * Addend: A number or group being added ($ext{Example: in } 1 + 1 = 2, ext{ the ones are addends}$).     * Sum: The result of adding numbers together.     * Equal Groups: Groups that have the exact same size or quantity.     * Skip Counting: Counting while skipping numbers (e.g., counting by twos: $2, 4, 6, 8, 10$).     * Pattern: Numbers, shapes, or objects arranged following specific rules.

• Decomposing Numbers:     * Even numbers can be decomposed into two equal addends (e.g., $6 = 3 + 3$).     * Odd numbers cannot be broken into two equal whole-number groups (e.g., the closest to $9$ is $4 + 4 + 1$).

Identifying Even and Odd Patterns (Video Lessons)

• Pairing Strategy: Pairing objects (like chopsticks, shoes, or classmates) in groups of two is the primary method to determine parity.     * Example: $6$ chopsticks = $3$ pairs (Even).     * Example: $15$ students = $7$ pairs + $1$ leftover (Odd).

• The Ones Place Shortcut: Rather than counting large sets, check the digit in the ones place.     * Example: $34$ has a $4$ in the ones place; because $4$ is even, $34$ is even.     * Example: $58$ has an $8$ in the ones place; because $8$ is even, $58$ is even.

• Adding Doubles Theory: Any time two equal whole-number addends are summed (a doubles fact), the sum is always even.     * $ext{Even} + ext{Even} = ext{Even}$ (e.g., $4 + 4 = 8$)     * $ext{Odd} + ext{Odd} = ext{Even}$ (e.g., $3 + 3 = 6$ or $5 + 5 = 10$)

Currency and Place Value Review

• U.S. Coins and Values:     * Penny: Worth 1¢ (one cent).     * Nickel: Worth 5¢ (five cents).     * Dime: Smallest coin; worth 10¢ (ten cents).     * Quarter: Large coin; worth 25¢ (twenty-five cents).

• Skip Counting Money:     * Sequence of nickels: $5, 10, 15, 20, 25$.     * Calculating mixed coins: $3$ nickels (15¢) and $2$ pennies (2¢) totals 17¢.

• Inequalities: Identifying numbers less than a target.     * Target: $731$.     * Example responses: $567, 699, 123, 214$.

Engineering Solutions for Extreme Weather (Labrikazam)

• Defining Extreme Weather: Weather that falls outside the normal patterns, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, or heat waves. It is a result of natural processes that humans cannot stop, but can mitigate.

• Predicting Impact: By looking at past data (like the Atlantic hurricane season from June 1 to November 30), humans can prepare for risks.

• Flooding Solutions (Water Wave Machine Testing):     * Baseline: Waves caused a flood of over 1000ml.     * High Seawall: Reduced flooding to 300ml, but water still splashed over.     * Boulders/Rocks: Slow down water speed by spreading out wave energy (100ml spill over).     * Recurve Wall: The most effective solution; use a curved shape (like a skateboard ramp) to redirect water back toward the sea.

• Wind Solutions (Roof Designs):     * Gable Roof: Two sloping sides forming an A-shape. These are weak in high winds because vertical sides allow the wind to push directly against them.     * Hip Roof: All sides slope down. These are effective in high winds because wind is deflected over the roof from all sides.

• Lightning Solutions:     * Lightning Rod: Invented by Benjamin Franklin. A metal rod that transfers the electrical energy of a lightning strike safely into the ground via wires to protect a building's electronics.

• Tornado and Heat Wave Solutions:     * Safe Rooms: Reinforced building panels that remain intact even if the rest of a house is destroyed by 300mph tornado winds.     * Cooling Centers: Air-conditioned public spaces.     * Urban Planning: Planting trees for shade or painting roads with reflective white paint to lower ambient temperatures.