FINE ARTS 3
Test 3 Study Guide Dr. Dunn Music and Dance
I. Vocabulary. Know the definitions for the following words.
Music: sequences of sounds in time, especially tones of definite pitch organized according to tone color (instruments), melody, harmony, and rhythm
Dynamic: loud and soft
Forte: loud and piano (soft)
Piano: soft
Timbre: (tone color) families of instruments
Meter: grouping of beat (steady, repeating pulse that underlines music)
Tempo: speed of meter
Metronome: device to measure tempo
Allegro : fast
Andante: at a walking speed
Adagio: slow
Melody: series of pitches in rhythm
Cadence: the melody comes to a stopping point
Harmony: two or more tones at one time
Harmonic Progression: standardized paths for harmonies to take from one chord to another
Tonality: ket signatures and scales
Scales: a series of 7 notes in a defined pattern
Homophony: one important musical line, everything else is accompanying (most popular music
Polyphony: two or more important musical lines simultaneously
Quadrivium: music, astronomy, geometry, and arithmetic
Music of the Spheres: the planets had a resonant fundamental pitch
Doctrine of Ethos: modes (Greek scales) permanently influenced character
Dorian Mode: strong warlike music associated with Apollo
Phrygian Mode: sensual music associated with Dionysius
Chant: no strict beat
A Cappella: without instrumental accompaniment
Organum: early harmony experiments
Word Painting: music closely follows the text
Imitation: using one melody and repeating through voices
Hymn: a religious song
Dance Suite: series of instrumental dances performed together as a unit
Madrigal
Chanson
Idiomatic Writing: composing for a specific instrument or voice type
Virtuoso: specialist performer on an instrument
Basso Continuo: low voice
Concerto: multi-movement work for solo instrument and orchestral accompaniment
Fugue: intensely polyphonic (develops from imitation); complex and difficult
Sonata: could be for a solo instrument or a multi-movement piece for solo instrument and continuos accompaniment
Oratorio: a sung theatrical performance, but no staging, costumes, or sets
Ritornello Form: ABACADAEA…A
Symphony: multi-movement piece for orchestra
String Quartet: multi-movement piece for two violins, viola, and cello
Rondo Form: ABACADA
Theme and Variations Cyclic: a musical form in which a theme continually returns but is varied by changing the notes of the melody, the harmony, the rhythm, or some other feature of the music (ex, twinkle twinkle little star)
Melody: series of soundswith organized rhythm; a succession of tones with a recognizable musical shape
Lied: ‘art song’
Character Pieces: focus on mood, not form
Ideé fixe: “fixed idea’
Dies Irae: (‘day of wrath) from the requiem mass to represent the witches sabbath
Thematic Transformation
Symphonic Poem: one movement program music for orchestra
Impressionism: an artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing
Serialism
Ostinato: a regularly repeating rhythmic pattern
Sprechstimme: ‘ speech voice’
“Dance”: human movement combined with artistic expression
Choreographer: a person who creates the dance routines, the director or composer of dance
Mise-en-scene: aka the setting or surroundings of an event; what is seen on stage
Mime: body movement of people or animals; suggesting action, character, or emotion without using words
Pantomime: ‘acting out’ dramatic actions with no words; often accompanied by music
Pas de deux: step of two
Estampie: secular dance featuring a basic rhythm repeated ad nauseam
Divertissements: groups of performers dancing
II. Lists. Be able to recognize the component parts of the following terms
Families of timbre
Genres of timbre: orchestra, band, choir, ensemble
Types of texture: monophony (one), homophony (1 important, everything else accompanying (most popular music)), polypphony (two or more)
Types of form: open (no recurring pattern), closed (recurring pattern)
the Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music
Greek modes: dorian (strong warlike music associated with apollo), phrygian (sensual music associated with dionysus), mixolydian (melancholy music banned from being used)
Types of vernacular songs: Italy and england; madrigal; germany: lied; france: chanson
Baroque genres: concerto, sonata, fugue, opera, oratorio, canatas
Parts of sonata-allegro form: exposition, development, recapitulation
Characteristics of 20th century music: rhythmic complexity, dissonance becomes the standard over consonance, rejection of tonality and a sense of a key
Characteristics of Medieval Music
Characteristics of Baroque music
Genres of Dance: ballet, modern, world/ritual, folk, jazz
World Dance examples: flamenco, set dancing, salsa, tango, waltz, mambo, tango
2 Ballet philosophers: theophile gautier (dance was a living sculpture) and carlo blasis (created an ‘alphabet’ or series of poses)
3 Tchaikovsky ballets: nutcracker, romeo and juliet, swan lake
III. People and Works. Why are they important/What period/major genres?
Pope Gregory I: codified (organized) chant @ 600 CE
Hildegard of Bingen: mystic, poetess, and composer, ran a nunnery, composer of organum (early harmony experiments)
Guido d’Arezzo, Micrologus: earliest text outlining a system of notion
Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass: all voices. no musical instruments (1567)
Antonio Vivaldi, Concerto in EM: italian composer in venice whose patron an all girl orphanage, master of the concerto
G. F. Handel, Messiah: patron was the elector of hanover; became king george I of england, “and the glory of the lord”, “hallelujah chorus”
J. S. Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier: baroque period in music ends with his death, wrote in every genre except opera, book of etudes in every major and minor key possible
J. S. Bach, The Brandenburg Concerti:series of 6, music not played in public until rediscovered over 100 years later in the romantic period
W. A. Mozart, Symphony No. 40, “Jupiter”: child prodigy who wrote in every genre available
Emperor Joseph II of Prussia: mozarts patron
Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in cm: cyclic melody: same motif heard in all four movements, unites them together
Franz Schubert, “Erlkoenig”: never ending hoofbeats (1815)
Beethoven, Symphony No. 9 “Choral”: completely deaf when written (1824)
Chopin, Nocturne in F#M: polish national living in paris
Liszt, Transcendental Etude: wrote big music for big rooms
Mahler, Symphony No. 2, “Resurrection”: first symphony to use a choir since beethovens 9th (1895)
Hector Berlioz, Symphonie fantastique: 1830 program symphony
Tchaikovsky, 1812 Overture: could be inspired by plays, written to illustrate poems or commemorate special events
Strauss, Thus Spach Zarathustra: 1896 symphonic poem
Rimsky-Korsakov, Flight of the Bumblebee
Debussy, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun Stravinsky, Rite of Spring
Charles Ives, 4th of July: eccentric american composer with an unusual musical training, inspired others, among the first to write experimental music (polymeter, polytonality, mixed meter)
John Cage, 4:33: a silent piece that caused much controversy
Joplin, Maple Leaf Rag: known for popularizing a style of jazz called ragtime 1899
Gershwin, Rhapsody in Blue: american composer, this was composed in 1924
Copland, Fanfare for the Common Man
Copland, Appalachian Spring”: a composer who wanted to get a truly ‘american sound’; composed in 1944
Holst, The Planets
Adams, On the Transmigration of Souls
Glass, Glassworks: 1983 chamber work
Sergei Diaghilev
Vaslav Nijinsky, The Rite of Spring: choreographer who made this piece in 1913 which was met with a riot at the premiere
Martha Graham, Appalachian Spring
Jerome Robbins, West Side Story: a 1957 piece of choreography that combines elements of ballet, modern, and jazz to form unique moves
Merce Cunningham