Bones
Compact bone has __________, whereas spongy bone has __________.
Question 1Answer
a.
trabeculae; osteons
b.
spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid
c.
osteocytes; no osteocytes
d.
osteons; trabeculae
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osteons; trabeculae
Question 2
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Where on a long bone is articular cartilage found?
Question 2Answer
a.
In the spaces of the spongy bone
b.
On the outer surface of the diaphysis
c.
On the outer surface of the epiphyses
d.
Inside the medullary cavity
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On the outer surface of the epiphyses
Question 3
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What is the process by which a bone grows in thickness?
Question 3Answer
a.
Increased activity within the epiphyseal plate
b.
Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis
c.
Cell division in the medullary cavity
d.
Increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts
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Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis
Question 4
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What Is the Process By Which a Bone Grows in Length?
Question 4Answer
a.
Deposit of compact bone beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis
b.
Increased activity within the epiphyseal plate
c.
Cell division in the medullary cavity
d.
Increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts
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Increased activity within the epiphyseal plate
Question 5
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Osteoblasts are __________, whereas osteocytes are __________.
Question 5Answer
a.
bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cells
b.
bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells
c.
bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
d.
mature bone cells; bone-forming cells
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bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
Question 6
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In a child, a vitamin D deficiency results in __________, whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in __________.
Question 6Answer
a.
soft bones; rickets
b.
pituitary dwarfism; rickets
c.
rickets; retardation of bone development
d.
excess calcium absorption; osteomalacia
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rickets; retardation of bone development
Question 7
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Pituitary dwarfism results from a decreased secretion of __________ , which in turn decreases the rate of cell division of __________.
Question 7Answer
a.
growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate
b.
thyroid hormones; osteocytes in the periosteum
c.
growth hormone; fat cells in the medullary cavity
d.
thyroid hormones; osteoclasts in the compact bone
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growth hormone; cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate
Question 8
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Which of the following is not a step in endochondral bone formation?
Question 8Answer
a.
Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.
b.
Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
c.
Periosteum forms from connective tissue outside the developing bone.
d.
Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
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Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
Question 9
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Consider the following situation. During endochondral bone formation, the secondary ossification center never begins to form. What will the developing bone look like?
Question 9Answer
a.
No epiphyseal plate will exist between the two formed ossification centers.
b.
The bone will remain in its cartilaginous model form.
c.
The bone will remain cartilaginous in the middle (the diaphysis) until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.
d.
The ends (epiphyses) of the bone will remain cartilaginous during development until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.
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The ends (epiphyses) of the bone will remain cartilaginous during development until adulthood, when the cartilage will ossify.
Question 10
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What does the presence of an epiphyseal plate in a bone indicate?
Question 10Answer
a.
The bone is lengthening.
b.
The bone is increasing in diameter.
c.
The bone has completed ossification.
d.
The bone is no longer lengthening.
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The bone is lengthening.
Question 11
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What is the function of osteoblasts?
Question 11Answer
a.
Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
b.
Osteoblasts secrete an acid that breaks down the epiphyseal plate.
c.
Osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers and then mature into osteoclasts.
d.
Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down the calcified bone matrix.
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Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae.
Question 12
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Endochondral ossification __________, whereas intramembranous ossification __________.
Question 12Answer
a.
replaces hyaline cartilage with bone; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue with bone
b.
increases osteoclast activity; inhibits osteoblasts
c.
forms bone of the cranium; forms bone of the limbs
d.
inhibits osteoblast activity; increases osteoclast activity
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replaces hyaline cartilage with bone; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue with bone
Question 13
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What Would Happen If the Ossification Center Was Removed During the Process of Intramembranous Ossification?
Question 13Answer
a.
Blood vessels would be encouraged to invade the area.
b.
Surrounding mesenchymal cells would breakdown the periosteum.
c.
Bone would stop growing.
d.
A hollow space would develop in between the two layers of compact bone.
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Bone would stop growing.
Question 14
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Red bone marrow functions in the formation of __________.
Question 14Answer
a.
white blood cells only
b.
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
c.
red and white blood cells only
d.
red blood cells only
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red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Question 15
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Which of the following does not describe the function(s) of the skeletal system?
Question 15Answer
a.
It interacts with muscles, providing movement.
b.
It stores inorganic salts.
c.
It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax.
d.
It generates the movements of the limbs.
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Which of the following does not describe the function(s) of the skeletal system?
The correct answer is:
It generates the movements of the limbs.
Question 16
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Which of the following bones are found within the axial skeleton?
Question 16Answer
a.
The radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges
b.
The skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column
c.
The femur, tibia, and fibula
d.
The upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles
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The skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column
Question 17
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What three bones fuse to form the hip bone?
Question 17Answer
a.
The ischium, the coccyx, and the pubis.
b.
The ilium, the femur, and the pubis.
c.
The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
d.
The ilium, the sacrum, and the pubis.
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The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
Question 18
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What three bones fuse to form the hip bone?
Question 18Answer
a.
The ischium, the coccyx, and the pubis.
b.
The ilium, the femur, and the pubis.
c.
The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
d.
The ilium, the sacrum, and the pubis.
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The ilium, the ischium, and the pubis.
Question 19
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The zygomatic bone is an example of what shape of bone?
Question 19Answer
a.
Flat bone
b.
Irregular bone
c.
Long bone
d.
Short bone
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Irregular bone
Question 20
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The calcaneus bone of the foot is an example of a(n) __________.
Question 20Answer
a.
flat bone
b.
irregular bone
irregular bone
irregular bone
c.
short bone
d.
long bone
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short bone
Question 21
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Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone?
Question 21Answer
a.
Canaliculi
b.
Trabeculae
c.
Osteocytes
d.
Osteons
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Osteons
Question 22
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Which shape of bone is listed with an incorrect example?
Question 22Answer
a.
Irregular bone - vertebrae
b.
Long bone - forearm bones
c.
Short bone - wrist and ankle bones
d.
Flat bone - thigh bone
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Flat bone - thigh bone
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