BI101 Exam 3 Flashcards - AI

Lab 7

Terms to know                 

Skills to perform

·    Explain how gel electrophoresis works.

·    Interpret the results of a gel electrophoresis in context of determining the guilty party in a crime and in determining paternity.

·    Explain the purpose of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis.

·    Describe the process of gene expression (DNA→RNA→Protein).

·    Explain the process of gene transformation and relate it to the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s)

·    Know the function of meiosis (i.e. what do the daughter cells that are created via meiosis develop into?)

·    Determine an individual’s genotype given their phenotype and vice versa.

·    Explain how genetic variation is introduced into Meiosis and when the mechanisms of genetic variation occur.

·    Be able to explain what dominant means in context of genetics.

·    Calculate the odds of a given offspring for a both a monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett square.

·    Interpret relationships of individuals in a pedigree.

·    Determine an individual’s genotype and phenotype from a pedigree.

Lab 8

Terms to know                 

Skills to perform

·    Understand the difference between micro and macroevolution.

·    List the four mechanisms of microevolution and describe how they influence allele frequencies within a population.

·    Calculate the allele frequency of a population

·    Describe how population size influences the magnitude of change of the allele frequency within a population.

·    Explain how resource limitation influences the effect of natural selection

·    Create a phylogenetic tree using either morphological or molecular data.

·    Interpret phylogenetic trees.

Lab 9

Terms to know                 

Skills to perform

·    Describe what viruses, bacteria, and protists are.

·    Explain how viruses cause disease and why they are not considered living

·    Explain what vaccines are and how they prevent viral infections

·    Explain the concept of herd immunity and how it can indirectly protect those who cannot be vaccinated [Exercise 1]

·    Describe the difference between gram negative and gram positive bacteria

·    Explain how we modeled the influence of an antibiotic on a bacterial infections [Exercise 2]

·    Describe how antibiotics affect the population of bacterial causing a bacterial infection, over the course of the dose (i.e. How does it influence the prevalence of different phenotypes as they relate to resistance, and how does skipping doses or stopping a course of antibiotic early affect the population of bacteria). [Exercise 2]

·    Identify the various locomotive appendages used by protists. Be able to identify the protists we looked at in class. [Exercise 3]

·    Identify the different shapes of bacteria. [Exercise 4]

·    Explain what a Kirby Bauer test is for and how it is set up. [Exercise 5]

·    Interpret the results of a Kirby Bauer test.  (Identify whether an antibiotic is broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum.)  [Exercise 5]

Lab 10

·    Know physical characteristics of mammals

·    Know physical characteristics of rodents

·    Know dissection direction terms (left, right, proximal, distal, anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral)

·    Know composition of heart and roughly how blood moves through the heart, as well as which heart chambers carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

·    Know why the left ventricle is thicker than the other heart chambers

·    Know when digestion begins, as well the various organs that aid digestion

·    Know the name and location of the two sphincters in the stomach

·    Know the following structures and their general function:

o   Abdominal Cavity,

Non-Reproductive Organs:

§  Diaphragm

§  Stomach

§  Spleen

§  Pancreas

§  Liver

§  Small Intestine

§  Caecum

§  Large Intestine

§  Kidney

o   Female Reproductive Organs:

§  Ovaries

§  Oviduct

§  Uterine Horn

§  Bladder

§  Fetal Rat

§  Placenta

§  Umbilical Cord

o   Male Reproductive Organs:

§  Scrotum

§  Testes

§  Epididymis

§  Vas Deferens

§  Prostate

§  Bladder

§  Seminal Vesicles

§  Penis

o   Thoracic Cavity Organs:

§  Diaphragm

§  Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

§  Heart (left atrium, right atrium, ventricles)

§  Lungs

§  Esophagus

§  Trachea

§  Salivary Glands