111111111111.docx

Case task № 1

Formulation of the case-task

The articulatory aspect of English speech sounds. the articulation basis of the English and Russian (Kazakh) vowels.

I. Solving the Problems

1. Articulatory Aspect of English Speech Sounds and Articulatory Basis:

The articulatory aspect of speech sounds studies how speech organs interact to produce sounds. The articulatory basis refers to the habitual positioning and movement of speech organs in a particular language.
The statement “Not a single sound of one language is absolutely identical spectrally with a typologically identical sound of another language” means that even if two languages have similar sounds, they differ in nuances like tongue position, tension, or lip rounding.

Examples:

• English [i:] (as in see) is more tense and produced with a higher tongue position than Russian or Kazakh [и].
• English [æ] (as in cat) is a front open vowel, while Kazakh [а] is more central and less fronted.

2. Speech Organs and Their Functions:

Speech organs can be grouped based on their roles in sound production:

• Power mechanism: Lungs, diaphragm, bronchi, and windpipe create the airflow needed for speech.
• Vibrator mechanism: Vocal cords in the larynx vibrate to produce voiced sounds.
• Resonator mechanism: Oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities modify and amplify sounds.
• Obstructor mechanism: Tongue, lips, teeth, and alveolar ridge obstruct airflow to shape consonants.

3. Difficulty in Articulating [h] and [ŋ] for Russian Students:

• [h]: This sound is difficult because Russian lacks an equivalent. Russian speakers might replace it with [х], which is a fricative instead of a glottal sound.
  Solution: Practice gentle exhalation while producing a soft sound at the glottis without friction. Use minimal pairs like hat vs. cat.
• [ŋ]: Russian speakers might replace [ŋ] with [н-г] as the nasal velar sound does not exist in Russian.
  Solution: Practice nasalization exercises and minimal pairs such as sing vs. sin or song vs. son.

4. Articulatory Characteristics of [t], [d], [n], [l]:

• [t]: Alveolar plosive. In Russian and Kazakh, [т] is dental, making English [t] sharper.
• [d]: Alveolar plosive. Russian [д] is softer and dental, while English [d] is produced further back.
• [n]: Alveolar nasal. Russian [н] is dental and produced closer to the teeth.
• [l]: Lateral alveolar. English [l] allows air to pass along the sides of the tongue. Russian [л] can be "harder," particularly in word-final positions.

II. Matching Organs of Speech and Mechanisms of Sound Production:

III. Phonetic Analysis of the Sentence

Better the foot slip, than the tongue trip.

1. Classification of Sounds:

• Vowels:
  • [e]: Short, front, mid-open, unrounded.
  • [ə]: Schwa, mid-central, unstressed, unrounded.
  • [u]: Short, back, close, rounded.
• Consonants:
  • [ð]: Voiced, dental, fricative.
  • [f]: Voiceless, labiodental, fricative.
  • [p]: Voiceless, bilabial, plosive.
  • [ŋ]: Voiced, velar, nasal.

2. Syllable Division and Types:

• Bet-ter (closed syllable, closed syllable).
• the (open syllable).
• foot (closed syllable).
• slip (closed syllable).
• than (closed syllable).
• the (open syllable).
• tongue (closed syllable).
• trip (closed syllable).

3. Sound Modifications:

• Assimilation:
  In foot slip, [t] becomes slightly closer to [s] in articulation.
• Loss of Plosion:
  In tongue trip, the plosive [g] loses its release due to the following plosive [t].
• Lateral Plosion:
  In slip, the [l] sound interacts with the following [p], creating lateral airflow.