PRACTICAL RESEARCH REVIEWER (finals)

πŸ“Œ Important Terms & Concepts

πŸ”¬ Variables

  • Variable – anything that can take on different values in research.

  • Independent Variable – the variable that is manipulated; it causes change.

  • Dependent Variable – the variable being measured or affected.

  • Extraneous Variable – other variables that may affect the outcome.

  • Confounding Variable – extraneous variables that interfere with results.

  • Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio – types of data measurement (quantitative research uses interval & ratio scales most commonly).

πŸ“Š Types of Quantitative Research

  • Descriptive – describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

  • Correlational – investigates relationships between variables.

  • Experimental – tests causal relationships with control and manipulation.

  • Case Study – an in-depth study of a particular case (less common in quantitative).

🧠 Frameworks & Concepts

  • Theoretical Framework – based on existing theories; guides your study.

  • Conceptual Framework – a visual or written product that explains key concepts.

  • Paradigm – a model or pattern for research design and analysis.

πŸ“– Literature Review

  • Purpose – to identify research gaps, support your ideas, and show understanding.

  • Sources – journals, books, dissertations (use all of them!).

  • Types – Integrative shows a full understanding of existing knowledge.

🧾 Definition of Terms

  • Operational Definition – how terms are used in your specific study.

  • Conceptual Definition – dictionary or theoretical meanings.

  • Terms should be arranged in alphabetical order and clearly defined.

πŸ§ͺ Research Methodology

  • Scope – what the study covers.

  • Delimitation – what the study does not include.

  • Hypothesis – a testable, tentative statement about relationships between variables.

✍ Crafting Research Questions & Titles

  • Must be clear, focused, and related to your strand.

  • A good title should include both independent and dependent variables.

πŸ“ Quantitative Data

  • Numerical, not descriptive.

  • Must come from an adequate sample size for reliability.

  • Validity and Reliability = Trustworthiness of your research.

βœ… Quick True or False Review

  1. T – Quantitative research tests hypotheses.

  2. F – Age is a continuous variable.

  3. F – Choose a narrow topic for clarity.

  4. F – APA is standard for education research.

  5. T – Validity and reliability - trustworthy data.

  6. F – Plagiarism is never acceptable, even if cited later.

  7. T – Narrow topics create better research questions.

  8. T – Title should reflect your key variables.

  9. F – Researchers may interact minimally, but aren't completely uninvolved.

  10. T – Scope and delimitation define boundaries.

🧠 Essay Tips

For the essay section:

  • Summarize your findings clearly: What did your data reveal?

  • Focus on results that support or contradict your hypothesis.

  • In recommendations, link back to your study’s objectives and real-life applications.

___________________________________________________________________________

Quiz 1:

  • Anything that has a quantity or quality that can take on different values of different subjects in each research - Variable

  • Which among the following variables are common in quantitative research? - Independent and dependent variable

  • A variable that can be manipulated by the researcher and causes change to another variable. - Independent Variable

  • A quantitative research in which researchers measure the degree of association between two or more variables using the statistical procedure of correlational analysis. - Correlational

  • In a quantitative research, to obtain a meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a sample size. - Large

  • Measuring the level of performance of students and teachers is one of the importance of quantitative research in the field of - Education

  • One of the functions of quantitative research in is knowing how to improve the marketing strategy of a company. - Business

  • Creating a research output is a requirement in this subject- Practical Research 2. In making one, your study should be aligned to your chosen track- Home Economics. This mean that the topic to be developed should bIe - Relevant

  • The part of the study where you inform the reader of the context of the study. - Background of the study

  • The research question is one of the focus in gathering and analyzing data. Thus, it is necessary to state it with - Clarity

  • The ____ specifies the coverage of your study such as variables, population or participant, and timeline. - Scope

  • It cites the factors that are excluded in the study. - Delimitation

  • A _______ is commonly used for studies that anchor on time-tested theories that relate the findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge. - Theoretical Framework

  • The ______ definition is the meaning of the term that is based on how it is defined in the dictionary or encyclopedia. - Conceptual

  • It is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. - Hypothesis

  • What is the purpose of the review of related literature? - To determine possible gaps, conflicts, and open questions left from other researches which might help you in formulating and justifying your research ideas.

  • Where can you find review of related literature? - All of the options (Dissertations, Journals, Books)

  • It is a literature review in which the researcher demonstrates his or her understanding of a specific body of knowledge. - Self-study

  • What is the proper way of writing the definition of terms? - The terms should be arranged alphabetically

___________________________________________________________________________

Quiz 2:

I. TRUE or FALSE. Read each statement carefully. Write T if it is true and F if it is false.

  1. Quantitative research tests theories and hypotheses. - TRUE

  2. Ordinal variables are variables that can be logically ordered or ranked. - TRUE

  3. The research title summarizes the main idea of the paper. - TRUE

  4. All activities to be undertaken should be done in accordance of what is illegal. - FALSE

  5. Age is an example of a discrete variables. - FALSE

  6. Personal biases can be avoided in quantitative research. - FALSE

  7. Choose a narrow topic in developing a research problem. - TRUE

  8. In making a research title, include the main dependent and independent variables. - FALSE

  9. Sometimes, it is acceptable to plagiarize the work of others. - FALSE

  10. In making a research title, include the main dependent and independent variables. - TRUE

  11. A fewer number of respondents is needed in a study to minimize the error. - FALSE

  12. A small sample size is needed to arrive at a more reliable data analysis. - FALSE

  13. Data in the form of statistics is called numerical data. - TRUE

  14. Validity and reliability, in a quantitative research method, mean data trustworthiness - TRUE

  15. Data may be gathered through surveys. - TRUE

  16. The researcher is an involved observer. - FALSE

  17. MLA is the appropriate referencing format for education and social science research. - TRUE

  18. Research design describes all the steps in conducting the research study. - FALSE

  19. The significance of the study contains the purpose statement and the research questions. - FALSE

  20. Scope and delimitation set the boundaries and parameters of the study. - TRUE