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Data Representation: Key Terms

• Bit: Basic unit, either 0 or 1.

• Binary System: Uses values 0 and 1.

• Hexadecimal System: Uses 0-9 and A-F, base 16.

• Error Code: Message indicating a computer error.

• MAC Address: Unique identifier (NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD).

• IP Address: Network location, either IPv4 or IPv6.

• HTML: Web design language, uses hex for RGB colors.

• Overflow Error: Exceeds computer's processing limit.

• Logical Shift: Bit shift with replaced bits as zeroes.

• Two’s Complement: Represents negative binary numbers.

• ASCII Code: Standard character set for keyboards.

• Character Set: List understood by computers.

• Unicode: Supports all languages, mirrors ASCII initially.

• Sampling Resolution: Bits for sound amplitude in audio.

• Bit Depth: Smallest sound file unit.

• Colour Depth: Bits defining pixel colors.

• Sampling Rate: Sound samples per second.

• Bitmap Image: Made of pixels.

• Pixel: Smallest image unit.

• Image Resolution: Total pixels in dimensions.

• Pixelated Image: Visible pixels from zooming.

• Pixel Density: Pixels per square inch.

• Compression: Reduces file size by removing redundancy.

• Bandwidth: Max data transfer rate (kbps or Mbps).

• Lossy Compression: Data loss during decompression (e.g., JPEG, MP3).

• Lossless Compression: Original file fully recoverable.

• Audio Compression: Shrinks sound file size.

• MP3: Lossy music format.

• MP4: Multimedia lossy format.

• JPEG: Image compression based on human perception.

• Run Length Encoding (RLE): Lossless text/photo compression.