Imperialism Quiz Two Notes 

==TR’s Beliefs :==

  • Wanted to make the US a world power
  • Imperialist
  • Social Darwinism: strong survive
  • Believed in Anglo Saxson Superiority
  • The US had a duty to civilize other parts of the world

==The US is a Major Power in the Pacific==

  • Naval bases all over the Pacific
  • 3rd the largest naval power
  • The primary interest was trade
  • China trade was a major goal

  ==Open Door Policy==

  • Sino-Japanese War (1894) over Korea
  • Japan is more powerful/ China is weaker than most had thought
  • Russia & Japan rivals over Manchuria
  • The US worries about the sphere of influence & being left out ( R, GB, J, & F)
  • Sec. State John Hay proposes nations could trade at all ports
  • The US begins to trade without a formal agreement

==Boxer Rebellion (1900)==

  • Wanted all foreign influence out of China
  • Many foreigners were killed, embassies attacked
  • International force crushed the rebellion
  • The US& GB urge others not to carve up china in retaliation
  • US keeps China trade open

  ==Rosso Japanese War (1904-05)==

  • Russia & Japan fight over Korea & Manchuria
  • Japan kicks Russian naval booty twice
  • Japan asks TR to negotiate an end to the war because it was costing too much
  • Treaty of Portsmouth (NH)1905:
  • Japan gains territory
  • Japan agrees to stop fighting
  • Ended the Rosso-Japanese War
  • TR wins Noble Peace Prize

==Balance of Power in Asia==

  • The US and Japan become rivals for power
  • TR sent the “Great White Fleet” around the world in 1907
  • Demonstrates American military power
  • Sends Japan a message (what was the message?)
  • Relations worsen… leading to the Pearl Harbor attack (1941)

==Root - Takahira Agreement (1908)==

  • Limited Japanese immigration to the US
  • Japan and the US agree to respect each other’s territorial possessions in the Pacific and Asia

-Hawaii, Philippines, Guam … for The US

-Korea, Manchuria, the sphere of influence in China for Japan

  • Japan agreed to the open-door policy
  • Both agreed to free trade
  • Was supposed to ease tensions

==Clayton - Bulwer Treaty (1850)==

  • The US and British agree that if a Central American canal is built, they will build it together

  ==Hay - Pauncefote Treaty (1901)==

  • Great Britain gives all rights to build a Central American canal
  • The US can build one alone now

  ==The Panama Canal==

  • French failed to build a canal across Panama (1881-89): disease & Bankruptcy
  • US choice: Nicaragua or Panama?
  • French offer to sell rights to US in Panama

  -$10 million to France (what they paid Colombia)

  • Panama is part of Colombia
  • Colombia refuses (only Colombia can sell the rights to a Canal in Panama)

  ==Revolt in Panama==

  • The US Colombia a deal ($10 million)
  • Colombia refuses… not enough
  • Philippe Bureau - Varilla ( agent for French company) organizes a rebellion in Panama
  • TR quickly sends the Navy to prevent Colombia from interfering
  • The US recognizes Panamanian independence

==Hay -- Bunau- Varilla Treaty (1903)==

  • French canal agents ( and unelected Panamanian leaders ) grant US rights to build a canal across Panama
  • The US gets a ten-mile-wide
  • a strip of land across Panama (canal zone)
  • $10 million to Panama, plus $250,000/per year
  • 99- year lease

  ==George Washington Goethals==

  • The engineer who designed and completed the Panama Canal (1907 - 1914)
  • Finished two years ahead of schedule
  • Construction starts in 1904 … completed in 1914

  ==William C. Gorgas==

  • From Alabama
  • Army medical officer in the Spanish - American war (1898)
  • Worked with Walter Reed in Cuba studying mosquitos and disease
  • Later went to the Panama Canal and eradicated malaria and yellow fever ( how?)
  • The canal could not be completed without his work

  Monroe Doctrine

  • Pres. James Monroe announced (the 1820s) that the western Hemisphere was the “backyard” of the US
  • He said the Europeans have to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

  ==Roosevelt Corollary==

  • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: The US can intervene in Latian America to maintain political & economic stability
  • Dominican Republic - debt payments? US intervenes … why?

==“Speak softly and carry a big stick…”==

  • One of TR’s favorite quotes
  • ^^What was the big stick “big stick?” ( THE US NAVY)^^

==Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy==

  • More emphasis on helping LAtian American industry
  • If the US helps Latin American industry, their economy will improve & this will create stability
  • Nicaragua: The US steps in to stabilize the economy & protect interests
    • Results of RC& DD: resentment of The US !!