Perceptions of New Orleans Voodoo

Abstract

Nineteenth-century perception: Voodoo seen as sinful and threatening; repression by authorities.
Early twentieth-century: Viewed as fraud needing protection from ignorant blacks.
Mid-to-late twentieth century: Shift towards entertainment; becomes a commercial commodity.
Late 20th - early 21st century: Recognition of Voodoo as a legitimate religion.

Historical Context

New Orleans: Politically and religiously distinct; viewed through the lens of Anglo-Protestant norms.
Louisiana's cultural roots: Settled by French, African slaves introduced early; Voodoo emerges from Afro-French cultural blend.
Voodoo's status: Not sanctioned but tolerated in colonial times; primarily viewed through the lens of perceived threat to white authority.

Voodoo as Sin

Post-Louisiana Purchase (1803): Struggle between Anglo-Protestant morals and Latin-Catholic practices.
Voodoo perceived as evil; demonized to justify slavery.
Fear heightened by the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804); influx of Haitian refugees reinforcing Voodoo culture.
Early practices and gatherings, such as those in Congo Square, viewed with both disdain and curiosity.

Voodoo as Fraud

Early 20th century: Voodoo seen as ignorant superstition needing regulation; laws against hoodoo practice enforced.
Shift from religion to hoodoo; focus on magical practices over spiritual rituals.
Hoodoo shops emerge, often exploited by both black and white merchants; scrutiny from authorities increases.

Voodoo as Entertainment

Sensationalized depictions in media; portrayed as exotic and sinister.
Emergence of tourist culture around Voodoo in the late twentieth century.
Commercialization leads to kitschy Voodoo merchandise and staged ceremonies for tourists.

Voodoo as Religion

Modern practices represent a revival; combines elements from various Afro-Caribbean religions.
Notable practitioners emerge, often catering to a diverse clientele.
Efforts to educate the public about authentic Voodoo and combat misconceptions.

Conclusion

Evolving perceptions: From a feared practice to a source of entertainment, and finally recognition as a legitimate faith.
Complexity of views within both black and white communities; commercialization impacts authenticity and community practices.

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