English 9 Honors Final Exam Review Notes

English 9 Honors: 2nd Semester Final Review

Exam Overview

  • Format: 88 Multiple Choice Questions
  • Reading Passages:
    • 1 Short Story (3rd person)
    • 1 Speech (1st person)
    • 1 Memoir (1st person)
    • 1 Shakespearean Sonnet

Fragments & Run-ons

Fragments

  • Definition: An incomplete sentence.
  • Examples:
    • After we read the book.
    • Papi and his daughters.
    • Looking for Ezinma.

Run-on Sentences

  • Definition: Two or more independent clauses not properly connected.
  • Examples:
    • A sonnet is a fourteen line poem that has a rhyme scheme and many of the most well known examples are written by Shakespeare.
    • An expository essay is written to inform a reader any quoted material must be cited and it must also have a properly formatted works cited page.
    • If no author’s name is given the writer of an essay cannot claim the words as their own if they do that it would be considered plagiarism.

Complete Sentences

  • Examples:
    • A book title must be in italics or underlined.
    • A short story, essay, or poem title must be in quotation marks.
    • Benvolio was a good friend to Romeo; he tried to keep him out of trouble.

Subject & Verb Agreement

  • Key Principle: Subjects and verbs must agree in number (singular/plural).
  • Examples of Correct Agreement:
    • A soccer player keeps his shin guards in his bag. (Singular subject, singular verb)
    • Several of the players have lost their cleats. (Plural subject, plural verb)
    • Last year, Tommy, along with Miguel and Seth, was selected as “Most Valuable Player” on the team. (Singular subject, singular verb)
    • The memoir written by Mrs. Allenspach is in the school library. (Singular subject, singular verb)

MLA Research Reminders

  • Works Cited Page:
    • Entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name.
  • Parenthetical Citations:
    • Indicate the author's last name and the page number where the information was found.
    • Example: (Achebe \ 18)
  • Paraphrasing:
    • Definition: Restating an author's ideas in your own words.
  • Direct Quotations:
    • Definition: Using the author's exact words.
    • Rule: Must be enclosed in quotation marks.
    • Rule: Must include a parenthetical citation.

Transitions

  • Cause and Effect:
    • Example: Therefore
  • Conclusion:
    • Example: In Summary
  • Comparison:
    • Example: Likewise
  • Contrast:
    • Definition: Words that illustrate difference.

Shakespeare/ Poetry

Shakespearean Sonnet

  • Definition: 14-line poem
  • Meter: Iambic pentameter
  • Rhyme Scheme: ABABCDCDEFEFGG
  • Rhyming Couplet: Two consecutive lines that rhyme (GG)
  • "Thou Art" means "You are"

Figurative Language

Personification

  • Definition: Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects.
  • Examples:
    • The daffodils danced in the breeze.
    • The sun showed its face to the children.

Simile vs. Metaphor

  • Simile: A comparison using "like" or "as."
  • Metaphor: A direct comparison, stating that something is something else.
  • Examples:
    • "She hangs on the night as a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear" - SIMILE
    • "It is the East and Juliet is the sun" - METAPHOR
    • She seemed pale and faded like an old photograph. - SIMILE
    • She was an old photograph, pale and faded. - METAPHOR