Grade 10_Chapter14_Reproduction in Plants

Reproduction in Plants

Page 1

• Topic: Reproduction in Plants

• Grade Level: 10

• Academic Year: 2024/2025

• Instructor: Digna Nur Annisa M

Page 2: Lesson Objectives

Asexual Reproduction

• Definition: A process resulting in production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

• Identifying Examples: Diagrams and images of asexual reproduction.

• Advantages & Disadvantages:

  • In wild populations

  • In crop production

Sexual Reproduction

• Definition: Involves the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote, resulting in genetically different offspring.

• Fertilisation: The fusion of gamete nuclei.

• Nucleus Types: Gametes (haploid), Zygote (diploid).

• Advantages & Disadvantages in:

  • Wild populations

  • Crop production

Page 3: Lesson Objectives

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

• Identify parts of an insect-pollinated flower: sepals, petals, stamens, filaments, anthers, carpels, style, stigma, ovary, ovules.

• Functions of Flower Parts

• Compare anthers/stigmas of wind-pollinated flowers to insect-pollinated flowers.

• Distinguish pollen grains between insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers.

• Definition: Pollination as the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Page 4: Further Objectives

• Fertilisation Process: Pollen nucleus fuses with ovule nucleus.

• Structural Adaptations: Insect vs. wind-pollinated flowers.

• Germination Conditions: Requirements include water, oxygen, and suitable temperature.

Page 5: Reproduction Types

• Comparison of asexual and sexual reproduction in strawberry plants.

• Discuss reproductive processes shown in photographs.

Page 6: Stolons

• Description: Stems above ground that develop into new plants.

• Purpose: Spread out for nutrient acquisition.

• Example: Strawberry plants.

Page 7: Chromosomes in Reproduction

• Each new organism inherits a set of chromosomes from its parent.

• Chromosomes: DNA threads with genes as instructions.

Page 8: Asexual Reproduction in Detail

• Involves one parent.

• Cell division leads to identical offspring.

• Example: Potatoes reproducing by stem tubers.

• Conditions for growth of stems above (photosynthetic) and below soil (tuber formation).

Page 9: More Examples of Asexual Reproduction

• Bacterial reproduction: One cell splits into two.

• Hydra: Develops buds that mature into new individuals.

Page 10: Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

Advantages:

• Rapid and efficient offspring production.

Disadvantages:

• Lack of genetic diversity.

• Vulnerability to diseases.

Page 11: Sexual Reproduction Overview

• Gametes produced by parent organisms (eggs and sperm).

• Fertilisation process: nuclei from gametes fuse to form a zygote.

• Offspring exhibit genetic variation due to parental chromosome combination.

Page 12: Gamete Formation

• Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes.

• Gametes (haploid) have 23 chromosomes; fusion creates a diploid zygote.

Page 13: Types of Gametes

• Female Gametes: Large, non-movable, e.g., ovule nucleus in plants, egg in animals.

• Male Gametes: Smaller, movable, e.g., pollen grains in plants, sperm in animals.

Page 14: Chromosome Sets

• Humans: 2 sets of chromosomes (23 each from parents = 46 total, diploid).

• Gamete production via meiosis: halves chromosome number (haploid).

Page 15: Hermaphrodites in Plants

• Many flowering plants produce both male and female gametes (hermaphrodites).

Page 16: Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

Advantages:

• Increased genetic diversity.

• Less vulnerability to diseases.

Disadvantages:

• Slower reproductive process.

Page 17-48: Exam Questions from Past Papers

• Series of questions assessing understanding of both asexual and sexual reproduction concepts, gamete formation, pollination methods, advantages and disadvantages of each reproductive type, and conditions for seed germination.

Summary of Pollination Types (Insect vs Wind):

• Insect-pollinated flowers often have bright petals, scent, and nectar.

• Wind-pollinated flowers are generally inconspicuous, lack scent, and produce large quantities of lightweight pollen.

Seed Germination Requirements:

• Essential factors: Water, oxygen, suitable temperature

• Efficient germination conditions allow for optimal metabolic activity.