Cardiology FPC

Heart valves

  • tricuspid

  • Pulmonic

  • Mitral (bi cuspid)

  • Aortic

Cardiac output= HR x stroke volume

  • amount of blood pump[edit by ventricles at any given moment

Stroke volume

  • The amount of blood pumped in 1 contraction 60-100mls

Preload

  • amount of blood returning to the heart

After load

  • resistance agonist the left ventricle AKA blood pressure

Ejection fraction

  • EF= Stroke volume/ EDV x 100

  • Normal amount is 60%

Heart sounds:

S1

  • tricuspid and mitral valance closure

  • Beginning of ventricular contraction

  • Lub

S2

  • Pulmonic and aortic valve closure

  • End of systole

  • Dub

S3

  • rapid filling of ventricle

  • Beginning of diastole

  • Means heart failure in adult patient

S4

  • atrial contraction

  • End of diastole

  • Resistance of filing

  • Weak left ventricle Beginning

Electrical conduction system

SA node → AV node→ pauses→ AV bundle bundle of his → left and right bundle branches→ purkinje fibers


Einthovens triangle

  • made up of AVR AVL and AVF

  • Right arm - -

  • Leg leads ++

  • Left arm - +


EKG interpretation