Periodic Table

periodic - something that repeats in a regular pattern

examples of periodic properties - reactivity, density, valence electrons, ionization energy, electronegativity, charge

Alkali Metals

Group 1, Positive charge (+1)

  • soft metals

  • highly reactive in air/water

  • ex: Li, Na, K

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2, Positive charge (+2)

  • harder than alkalis

  • less reactive than alkalis

  • ex: Mg, Ra, Ca

Halogens (salt formers)

Group 17, Negative charge (-1)

  • most reactive nonmetals

  • all 3 states of matter

  • colored gases

  • ex: Cl, I, F

Noble Gases

Group 18, 0 charge

  • typically inert (nonreactive)

  • have full outer electron shell

  • ex: He, Xe, Ar

Transition Metals

Groups 3-12, Positive charge (+2-+3 average)

  • react very slowly (lose electrons)

  • typically produce colored ions

  • coinage metals (group 11 - Cu, Au, Ag)

  • ex: Fe, Hg, Ti

Rare Earth Metals

Bottom 2 rows (Lanthanide series - Top, Actinide series - Bottom), Positive charge (+2-+3 average)

  • last natural element (U)

  • ex: Pu, U

Hydrogen

Not in any group, Positive and Negative charge (+1, -1)

  • has 1 valence electron

  • gas, not metal