Notes on 'Chinese Architecture and the Beaux-Arts'

  • Authors: Jeffrey W. Cody, Nancy S. Steinhardt, Tony Atkin

  • Published by: University of Hawai'i Press, 2011

Introduction to Liang Sicheng

  • Liang Sicheng (1901–1972): Founder of modern Chinese architecture study; influential architect and historian.

  • Education and Methodology: Tension between Beaux-Arts classicism and traditional architecture; educated at the University of Pennsylvania.

Contrast between Beaux-Arts and Chinese Traditional Architecture

  • Beaux-Arts: Monumental buildings with permanent materials (stone, concrete).

  • Chinese Traditional Architecture: Timber-frame structures; includes palaces and vernacular buildings.

Misinterpretation and Educational Challenges

  • Liang's Challenge in China: Misinterpretation through Western lenses; previous attempts led to misunderstandings due to cultural ignorance.

  • Disputes with Western Methodologies: Highlighted differing architectural contexts.

Focus of Chapter: Re-evaluating Timber Architecture

  • Investigates misinterpretation in specific buildings; author’s temple design experience in Southern Song style.

Example One: Zhao Chen’s Design Experience

  • Creating elevator proportions for a Southern Song temple; adapted to improve ventilation with appropriate techniques.

Example Two: Misunderstanding "Elevation" and "Façade"

  • Elevation vs. Façade: Western elevation focuses on building height; façade is a single wall.

  • Venetian Architecture Comparison: Clear façades emphasize Western urbanism, contrasting with Chinese focus on interiors.

Example Three: Western Influence on Chinese Architecture

  • St. Paul's Church in Macao: Example of Western construction in Asia, symbolizing colonial architecture and contrasting traditional values.

Liang's Transition in Architectural Approach

  • Shifted from Western style to incorporating Chinese features, blending styles effectively.

Concluding Thoughts on Architecture

  • Misalignment between Western and Chinese traditions complicates timber architecture interpretations.

  • Liang's education shaped his legacy, reflecting both contributions and limitations.

Summary of Implications

  • Coherence between Western and traditional Chinese architecture presents challenges; future architects must synthesize modernity with tradition.

References

  1. Biographical detail on Liang; analysis of writings and contributions.

  2. Examination of Liang's influence on architectural manuals, particularly Yingzao fashi.

  3. Impacts of Liang's modernist education on his philosophies.