Group 12-Rabies Prevention and Control Program

Chapter 1: Introduction

  • Group 12 presents on diabetes prevention and control.

  • Background: Rabies is a significant public health problem in the Philippines, causing at least 200 deaths annually.

    • Effective vaccines exist but elimination is hindered by poverty and ignorance.

    • Rabies is a preventable viral disease transmitted via saliva through bites or scratches.

Chapter 2: Central Nervous System Animals

  • Rabies primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to severe brain disease and death if untreated.

  • Dogs are the main hosts and transmitters, causing 99% of human rabies deaths.

  • Global Cases:

    • Rabies kills approximately 70,000 people worldwide, with 95% of cases in Africa and Asia.

    • Underreporting may result in underestimation of deaths.

Chapter 3: Number Of Cases

  • Rabies is present in over 150 countries with a high burden in Africa and Asia.

  • These areas experience poorly controlled dog populations affecting prevention efforts.

  • In the Philippines, rabies is a public health concern, leading to around 200 deaths annually.

Chapter 4: Vision And Mission

  • Vision: Eliminate human rabies by 2027.

  • Mission: Make the Philippines rabies-free by 2030.

  • Objective: Eliminate rabies as a public health problem by preventing local transmission and reducing cases.

  • Policies: Republic Act 9482 (Anti-Rabies Act of 2007) aims to control human and animal rabies cases.

Chapter 5: Elimination of New Cases

  • The act focuses on prevention through education, control measures, and vaccination.

  • Causative Agent: Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) is the major pathogen, spread through bites, scratches, or mucosal contact.

Chapter 6: Laboratory Testing

  • Key tests for rabies include RT-PCR and the Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFA).

  • Incubation Period: Typically 2-3 months but can vary from a week to a year.

  • Signs/Symptoms: Early symptoms resemble flu, followed by severe neurological symptoms such as hydrophobia and seizures.

Chapter 7: Forms of Rabies

  • Furious Rabies: Characterized by hyperactivity, hallucinations, and fear of water.

  • Paralytic Rabies: Gradual paralysis begins at the bite site leading to death.

Chapter 8: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

  • PEP is emergency treatment essential after rabies exposure to prevent CNS infection.

  • Wound Care: Immediate and thorough washing of the wound is crucial.

  • Vaccination is vital for prevention.

Chapter 9: Vaccines

  • Human Rabies Immune Globulin (HRIG): Derived from vaccinated individuals; provides immediate protection at the wound site.

  • Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine (PCECV): Inactivated vaccine that stimulates long-term immunity against rabies. Administered in a series of doses.

  • Both HRIG and PCECV are essential components of PEP, working together to prevent rabies infection after exposure.

Chapter 10: Conclusion

  • Emphasizes the importance of rabies prevention and control programs to reduce human and animal rabies cases.