Untitled Flashcards Set

Unit 5

• Abolitionism

  • The movements to end slavery

• Adam Smith

  • Laid the foundations for free market capitalism

• Bourgeoisie

  • The upper middle class who own the production processes

• Boxer Rebellion

  • An uprising in China against foreign influence and religion. Killed people.

• Capitalism

  • Laissez Faire

  • Believed in private ownership with no government interference

• Communism

  • Believed in a classless society and collective ownership.

• Cult of Domesticity

  • A 19th century belief that women belonged in the household for family and nurturing.

• “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”

  • The French revolution’s declaration of independence of sorts from their monarchy.

  • Declared all men equal

• Enlightenment

  • An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries advocating reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. It heavily influenced political and philosophical thought.

• First Industrial Revolution

  • A period of rapid industrialization in the early 19th century.

  • Rise in steam ships and factories and mass production

• Haitian Revolution

  • A revolutionary movement in Haiti, created the first slave state. The slaves took over Haiti and overthrew the French.

• Karl Marx

  • German philosopher who argued for a classless society and overthrow of capitalism

• Labor Unions

  • Organizations created to improve workers rights and ensure better conditions.

• Latin American Revolutions

  • A series of revolutions in Latin America, aimed at overthrowing Spanish and Portuguese rule.

• “Letter of Jamaica”

  • A letter written by Simon Bolivar outlining his view of latin American independence.

• Liberalism

  • A philosophy advocating for individual government rights

• Limited-Liability Corporation

  • A corporation that protects owners from personal liability for the debts and other liabilities of the corporation.

• Maori Nationalism

  • A movement in New Zealand that advocated for the rights and autonomy of the indigenous people in response to the British Rule.

• Mary Wollstonecraft’s “Vindication of the Rights of Women”

  • A publication advocating for Women’s rights that pioneered the movement.

• Meiji Restoration

  • A transformation in Japan in order to properly westernize themselves and build their industries. A response to increased western pressure from the U.S.A to open borders.

• Muhammad Ali

  • The ruler of Egypt credited with modernizing and industrializing Egypt.

  • Established strong central government

• Nationalism

  • Feelings of deep loyalty to one’s country and their principles of the country.

  • Desire for self-autonomy of the nation

• Olympe de Gouges “Declaration of the Rights of Women & Female Citizen”

  • A 1791 work that advocated for the rights of women

  • A response to the Declaration of Rights of Man

• Propaganda Movement

  • A 19th century movement in the Philippines aimed at reforming Spanish rule through written pieces and activism.

• Second Industrial Revolution

  • The second phase of industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th century marked by innovations in steel, electricity, and chemical processes

• Self-Strengthening Movement

  • A movement in Qing China to strengthen and industrialize the country to combat western influence.

• Simon Bolivar

  • Leader of the Latin American revolutions against Spain. Played a key role in the independence movements of several countries.

• Socialism

  • The belief that government should own the production process

• Specialization of Labor

  • Dividing the work into specific tasks for the work, seen in industrial workplaces

• Stock Market

  • A system for buying and selling shares of a company.

  • Influences wealth distribution and economy heavily.

• Taiping Rebellion

  • A massive civil war in China led by Hong Xiuquan. It was a religious revolution with Xiuquan believing he was Jesus’ brother

• Tanzimat

  • Reforms to modernize and industrialize Egypt into a better economy and more modern military. Brought rights to citizens

  • Centralized power for the Egypt government

• Transnational Business

  • Companies operating across multiple countries like British East India

• Urbanization

  • The rapid expansion of urban centers due to people moving to urban centers

Unit 6

• Cherokee Nation

  • A nation of Indian Americans that was forcibly relocated during the trail of tears

• Chinese Exclusion Act

  • The act that restricted Chinese Immigration in the U.S. and reflected the Xenophobia

• Civilizing Missions

  • Principles to “civilize” the non-european countries to help justify imperialism.

  • Civilizing meant educating them about religion and social customs.

• Economic Imperialism

  • When a foreign country controls the economy of another country or businesses dominate. There is no political rule

• Ghost Dance

  • A dance done by the Natives to bring spirits and help restore the indigenous lands.

• 1857 Indian Rebellion (Sepoy Mutiny)

  • An uprising against British rule in India, sparked by grievances among the Indian soldiers.

• Imperialism

  • A political, economic, or military control of another country by a foreign power.

• King Leopold II

  • Belgian king who took control of the Congo and had many infamous human’s rights abuses. He exploited the Congo for rubber and other resources.

• Mahdist War

  • A late 1800s Sudanese revolt against Egyptian and British rule, led by the Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad.

• Opium Wars

  • A war between the Chinese and British after the British started to import Opium into China at the expense of the people.

• Scramble for Africa

  • The western powers scrambling for power and resources in Africa by rapid colonization.

• Settler Colonies

  • Territories that are settled by foreign civilians of the country and often

• Social Darwinism

  • A belief that certain human groups are superior to others and in the survival of the fittest. Used to justify imperialism

• Sokoto Caliphate

  • A powerful Islamic kingdom in West Africa,formed by Usman dan Fodio’s jihad, later colonized by Britain.

• Tupac Amaru II’s Peruvian Rebellion

  • An 18th century indigenous revolt in Peru to defeat Spanish rule, demanded rights and autonomy.

• United Fruit Company

  • A U.S. company that had large control over Latin American economies, exemplifying economic imperialism

• White Australia Policy

  • A series of laws restricting Non-European immigrants to Australia to maintain Australia’s racial homogeneity

• “White Man’s Burden”

  • The white man's burden to civilize other races according to a poem by Rudyard Kipling justifying imperialism according to moral values.

• Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement

  • A movement in South Africa where Xhosa people slaughtered cattle to help drive the British out

• Yaa Asantewaa War

  •  Queen Yaa Asantewaa led the Asante in resisting British colonial rule in Ghana.

• Zulu Kingdom

  • A powerful 19th-century South African kingdom, known for military strength under leaders like Shaka Zulu.