The Odyssey - Notes

BOOK I

  • The Muse is asked to tell the story of Ulysses, a hero who traveled extensively after Troy, lost his men due to their folly (eating Hyperion's cattle), and now is detained by Calypso.
  • Gods, except Neptune, pity Ulysses.
  • Neptune is angry because Ulysses blinded Polyphemus.
  • Gods discuss Ulysses' return to Ithaca at a meeting in Jove's house.
  • Minerva goes to Ithaca to encourage Telemachus to confront the suitors and seek news of his father.
  • Minerva, disguised as Mentes, advises Telemachus to call an assembly, denounce the suitors, and seek information about Ulysses from Nestor in Pylos and Menelaus in Sparta.
  • Telemachus welcomes Minerva and discusses his father's absence and the suitors' behavior.
  • Minerva assures Telemachus of Ulysses' eventual return and encourages him to take action.
  • Minerva departs, inspiring Telemachus, who recognizes her divinity.
  • Penelope asks Phemius to stop singing of the Achaeans' ill-fated return, but Telemachus asserts his authority and defends man's domain is in speech.
  • Telemachus confronts the suitors, announcing a formal assembly and their eviction.
  • The suitors mock Telemachus, but he asserts his intention to seek news of his father.
  • Telemachus retires for the night, contemplating his voyage and Minerva's counsel.

BOOK II

  • Telemachus convenes an assembly to address the suitors' misconduct and his father's absence.
  • Aegyptius speaks first, recalling Ulysses' departure and questioning the purpose of the sudden assembly.
  • Telemachus speaks, lamenting the loss of Ulysses and the suitors' drain on his estate.
  • He calls for action and justice.
  • Antinous blames Penelope for the suitors' prolonged stay and demands she choose a husband.
  • Telemachus refuses to force his mother to leave and insists the suitors leave, promising to appeal to Zeus.
  • Zeus sends two eagles as an omen, interpreted by Halitherses as Ulysses' imminent return and doom for the suitors.
  • Eurymachus dismisses the omen and threatens Halitherses.
  • Telemachus requests a ship and crew to seek news of Ulysses, prompting Mentor to criticize the Ithacans' inaction against the suitors.
  • Leocritus dismisses Mentor's speech and ends the assembly.
  • Telemachus prays to Minerva by the sea, seeking aid for his voyage.
  • Minerva, disguised as Mentor, assures Telemachus of her support and makes preparations for his voyage.
  • Antinous mocks Telemachus' plans for a ship and crew.
  • Telemachus prepares for his voyage, securing wine and barley meal with the help of Euryclea.
  • Minerva enlists a crew and borrows a ship from Noemon, ensuring favorable conditions for Telemachus's departure.
  • The suitors are cast into a slumber, and Telemachus sets sail with Minerva in disguise.

BOOK III

  • Telemachus and Minerva arrive at Pylos, where the Pylians are sacrificing to Neptune.
  • Minerva advises Telemachus to approach Nestor confidently.
  • They are welcomed by Nestor and his sons.
  • Pisistratus offers them hospitality and gives Minerva precedence in prayer.
  • After the feast, Nestor asks about the strangers' identities and purpose.
  • Telemachus seeks news of Ulysses, prompting Nestor to recount tales of the Trojan War and the Achaeans' return.
  • Nestor recalls the quarrel between Agamemnon and Menelaus and the varied fates of the returning heroes.
  • He tells of Agamemnon's murder by Aegisthus and Orestes' revenge.
  • Nestor advises against lengthy travels and encourages Telemachus to seek out Menelaus for more information.
  • Minerva reveals herself as a goddess and departs, causing wonder among the Pylians.
  • Nestor sacrifices a heifer to Minerva and prepares Telemachus for his journey to Lacedaemon.
  • Telemachus and Pisistratus travel by chariot to Pherae, where they are hosted by Diocles, then continue to Lacedaemon.

BOOK IV

  • Telemachus and Pisistratus arrive in Lacedaemon and are welcomed by Menelaus.
  • Menelaus recounts his travels and laments the loss of Ulysses.
  • Helen recognizes Telemachus' likeness to Ulysses.
  • Telemachus explains his purpose: to seek news of his father.
  • Helen recounts Ulysses' cunning during the Trojan War, recalling when she recognized him in Troy.
  • Menelaus tells of the Old Man of the Sea's prophecy, detailing the fates of several Achaean leaders, including Agamemnon and Ajax, and Ulysses' detainment by Calypso.
  • He advises Telemachus to seek Zeus (Jove) and offer sacrifices for a swift journey home.
  • Telemachus prepares to leave, declining horses for a mixing-bowl.
  • Meanwhile, the suitors learn of Telemachus' voyage and plot his ambush.
  • Medon informs Penelope of their plan.
  • Penelope mourns, seeking Minerva's help.
  • Minerva sends a dream of Iphthime (Penelope's sister) to reassure her.
  • The suitors set sail to ambush Telemachus and their plan does not go unnoticed.

BOOK V

  • Gods convene, Minerva pleads for Ulysses' release from Calypso.
  • Jove sends Mercury to Calypso, ordering that poor Ulysses be provided with the means to leave.
  • Mercury delivers Jove's message to Calypso on Ogygia.
  • Calypso is resentful but complies, aiding Ulysses in building a raft.
  • Ulysses departs Ogygia on his raft.
  • Neptune stirs up a storm, wrecking Ulysses' raft.
  • Ino gives poor Ulysses a veil for protection.
  • Ulysses swims towards Scheria, land of the Phaeacians.
  • Minerva calms the seas.
  • Ulysses lands on Scheria, exhausted and naked.
  • Protected by an olive thicket, he makes a bed of leaves and sleeps.