Untitled Flashcards Set
MIDTERM EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
1. What is the focus of Zaretta Hammond's book "Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain"? a) Exploring the impact of culture on brain development
b) Analyzing the achievement gap in education
c) Providing strategies for culturally responsive teaching
d) Examining the relationship between neuroscience and education
Answer: c) Providing strategies for culturally responsive teaching.
2. In "Culturally Responsive Teaching and the Brain," what does Zaretta Hammond call the "gap"? a) The disparity in academic achievement between different racial and ethnic groups b) The difference in cognitive abilities among students within a classroom c) The divide between teachers' cultural backgrounds and their students'
d) The distance between students' home cultures and school culture
Answer: a) The disparity in academic achievement between different racial and ethnic groups 3. According to Zaretta Hammond, what is one key factor contributing to the achievement gap? a) Socioeconomic status
b) Teacher-student relationships
c) Standardized testing
d) Classroom environment
Answer: a) Socioeconomic status
4. What is productive struggle, according to Zaretta Hammond?
a) engaging in challenging tasks that promote growth and learning.
b) The act of avoiding complex tasks to maintain comfort and familiarity.
c) The concept of achieving success without facing any obstacles.
d) The practice of relying solely on external support to complete tasks.
Correct answer: a) engaging in challenging tasks that promote growth and learning. 5. Why is productive struggle necessary for learning?
a) It helps individuals avoid making mistakes.
b) It promotes a sense of achievement without effort.
c) It enhances cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills.
d) It discourages individuals from taking risks.
Correct answer: c) It enhances cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills.
6. How can educators support productive struggle in the classroom?
a) By providing step-by-step instructions for every task.
b) By avoiding challenging tasks altogether.
c) By offering immediate solutions to students' problems.
d) Creating a safe and supportive learning environment where students can take risks and learn from their mistakes.
Correct answer: d) Creating a safe and supportive learning environment where students can take risks and learn from their mistakes.
7. What is intellectual capacity?
a) The ability to memorize information quickly
b) The innate intelligence one is born with
c) The potential for learning and acquiring knowledge
d) The ability to solve complex mathematical problems
Correct answer: c) The potential for learning and acquiring knowledge
8. According to Zaretta Hammond, what factors influence intellectual capacity? a) Genetic factors only
b) Socioeconomic status only
c) Environmental factors only
d) A combination of genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors
Correct answer: d) A combination of genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors 9. Which of the following best describes the concept of cultural memory?
a) The ability to remember one's cultural heritage
b) The collective knowledge and experiences passed down through generations c) The process of encoding cultural information in the brain
d) The ability to recall specific cultural events
Correct answer: b) The collective knowledge and experiences passed down through generations 10. According to Zaretta Hammond, what are some of the deep roots of culture? a) Language, values, and beliefs
b) Physical characteristics and genetic makeup
c) Socioeconomic status and education level
d) Personal experiences and individual preferences
Correct answer: a) Language, values, and beliefs
11. How does understanding the deep roots of culture contribute to culturally responsive teaching? a) It helps teachers understand the diverse backgrounds of their students
b) It allows teachers to tailor instruction to individual learning styles
c) It promotes a sense of belonging and identity in the classroom
d) All of the above
Correct answer: d) All of the above
12. What is the main argument of Zaretta Hammond's book, "Cultural Proficiency"? A) That cultural proficiency is the key to closing the achievement gap
B) That the culture of poverty is the primary cause of educational disparities
C) That educators should ignore the cultural backgrounds of their students
D) That there is no relationship between culture and academic achievement
Answer: A
13, Implicit bias refers to:
a) Conscious and deliberate biases that individuals hold.
b) Biases that are explicitly expressed and acknowledged by individuals.
c) Unconscious biases that individuals hold without awareness or intention.
d) Biases that are based on objective and factual information.
Answer: c) Unconscious biases that individuals hold without awareness or intention. 14. What is structural racialization?
a) The process of assigning racial categories to individuals based on physical characteristics b) The systemic and institutionalized ways in which race is used to allocate resources and opportunities c) The belief that race is a social construct with no biological basis
d) All of the above
Answer: b) The systemic and institutionalized ways in which race is used to allocate resources and opportunities
15. According to Zaretta Hammond, what are some examples of structural racialization in education? a) Tracking students based on their perceived racial background
b) Using standardized tests that are biased toward certain racial groups
c) Providing more resources and opportunities to students from dominant racial groups d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
16. How does structural racialization impact student learning and achievement? a) It creates a positive and supportive learning environment for all students
b) It perpetuates educational inequality and limits opportunities for students of color c) It has no impact on student learning and achievement
d) All of the above
Answer: b) It perpetuates educational inequality and limits opportunities for students of color 17. What is the role of educators in addressing structural racialization in education? a) To ignore it and focus solely on teaching academic content
b) To acknowledge and address it through anti-bias training and culturally responsive pedagogy c) To blame students of color for their educational disparities
d) All of the above
Answer: b) To acknowledge and address it through anti-bias training and culturally responsive pedagogy
18. What is the relationship between structural racialization and other forms of oppression, such as classism and ableism?
a) They are separate and distinct forms of oppression
b) They are interconnected and intersect in complex ways
c) One form of oppression cancels out the others
d) All of the above
19. According to Zaretta Hammond in chapter 3 of her book, how does culture program the brain?
A) Culture programs the brain through genetic inheritance.
B) Culture programs the brain through environmental influences.
C) Culture programs the brain through genetic and environmental factors.
D) Culture does not have any influence on brain programming.
Answer: C) Culture programs the brain through genetic and environmental factors.
20. Which of the following best describes the concept of "cultural capital" in Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3 on culturally responsive teaching?
a) The financial resources possessed by individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
b) The knowledge, skills, and behaviors that individuals from different cultural backgrounds bring to the learning environment.
c) The physical artifacts and symbols associated with different cultural groups.
d) The ability to speak multiple languages fluently.
Answer: b) The knowledge, skills, and behaviors that individuals from different cultural backgrounds bring to the learning environment.
21. In Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3, what is the significance of "funds of knowledge"? a) It refers to the financial resources available for educational purposes.
b) It refers to the knowledge and skills that students bring from their homes and communities. c) It refers to the cultural artifacts and symbols used in teaching.
d) It refers to the ability to communicate effectively in multiple languages.
Answer: b) Students' knowledge and skills are from their homes and communities.
22. According to Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3, what strategy can teachers use to build relationships with culturally diverse students?
a) Ignoring students' cultural backgrounds to maintain a neutral learning environment. b) Implementing strict discipline policies to ensure uniformity among students.
c) Incorporating culturally relevant materials and examples into lessons.
d) Encouraging students to conform to the dominant culture's norms and values. Answer: c) Incorporating culturally relevant materials and examples into lessons.
23. What is the role of language in culturally responsive teaching, as discussed in Zaretta Hammond's chapter 3?
a) Teachers should only use English in the classroom to promote standardized communication. b) Students should be encouraged to speak their native language exclusively.
c) Teachers should value and support students' home languages while promoting English proficiency. d) Students should be required to learn a second language to broaden their cultural horizons.
Answer: c) Teachers should value and support students' home languages while promoting English proficiency.
24. According to Zaretta Hammond, what are the three key components of culturally responsive teaching?
A) Content, pedagogy, and assessment
B) Teacher mindset, student identity, and curriculum
C) Cultural knowledge, teaching strategies, and classroom environment
D) Technology, collaboration, and critical thinking
Answer: C) Cultural knowledge, teaching strategies, and classroom environment
25. What is the difference between cultural competence and culturally responsive teaching, according to Zaretta Hammond?
A) Cultural competence is a set of skills and knowledge, while culturally responsive teaching is a pedagogical approach
B) Cultural competence is a pedagogical approach, while culturally responsive teaching is a set of skills and knowledge
C) Cultural competence is a mindset, while culturally responsive teaching is a set of strategies D) Cultural competence is a set of strategies, while culturally responsive teaching is a mindset
Answer: A) Cultural competence is a set of skills and knowledge, while culturally responsive teaching is a pedagogical approach
26. What is the importance of critical self-reflection in culturally responsive teaching, according to Zaretta Hammond?
A) It helps teachers recognize and challenge their own biases and assumptions
B) It helps teachers develop a growth mindset and a love for learning
C) It helps teachers create a positive classroom environment and build relationships with students D) It helps teachers design culturally responsive lesson plans and assessments
Answer: A) It helps teachers recognize and challenge their own biases and assumptions 27. What is the term Hammond uses to describe developing the brain's capacity for learning?
A) Neuroplasticity
B) Synaptic pruning
C) Myelination
D) Dendritic growth
Answer: A) Neuroplasticity
28. According to Hammond, what is the relationship between high expectations and student achievement?
A) High expectations lead to lower achievement
B) High expectations do not affect achievement
C) High expectations lead to higher achievement
D) High expectations are not crucial for student achievement
Answer: C) High expectations lead to higher achievement
29. What is neuroscience?
a) The study of the nervous system and its functions
b) The study of the brain and its structure
c) The study of psychology and behavior
d) The study of genetics and heredity
Correct answer: a) The study of the nervous system and its functions
30. What is neuroplasticity?
a) The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself throughout life b) The study of neurons and their electrical activity
c) The process of forming new memories in the brain
d) The ability of the brain to heal itself after an injury
Correct answer: a) The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself throughout life 31. How do neuroscience and neuroplasticity impact how the brain acquires language? A) The brain is pre-wired to learn language, and there is little room for neuroplasticity. B) The brain is highly malleable and can reorganize itself in response to language learning. C) The brain has a specific language center responsible for language acquisition. D) The brain learns language through innate and learned processes.
Answer: B) The brain is highly malleable and can reorganize itself in response to language learning. 32. What is culturally responsive teaching?
A. A teaching approach that emphasizes the cultural backgrounds of students
B. A teaching approach that ignores the cultural backgrounds of students
C. A teaching approach that focuses on the cultural norms of the dominant culture D. A teaching approach that is not relevant to students' cultural backgrounds
Answer: A. A teaching approach that emphasizes the cultural backgrounds of students 33. According to Zaretta Hammond, why is culturally responsive teaching important? a) It helps students develop a sense of superiority over other cultures.
b) It ensures that all students conform to a single cultural norm.
c) It supports the academic success of students from diverse backgrounds.
d) It perpetuates stereotypes and biases in the classroom.
Correct answer: c) It supports the academic success of students from diverse backgrounds. 34. How can teachers implement culturally responsive teaching in their classrooms? a) By ignoring cultural differences and treating all students the same.
b) By incorporating culturally relevant materials and resources into lessons.
c) By discouraging students from expressing their cultural identities.
d) By promoting a one-size-fits-all approach to teaching.
Correct answer: b) Incorporating culturally relevant materials and resources into lessons. 35. What role do language barriers play in the education achievement gap?
a) Students who are not fluent in English face challenges in understanding and participating fully in the curriculum
b) Language barriers have no significant impact on academic performance
c) Schools provide adequate support for students with language barriers, eliminating any potential impact on the education achievement gap
d) Students with language barriers are inherently less intelligent than their peers
Answer: a) Students who are not fluent in English face challenges in understanding and participating fully in the curriculum
36. According to Zaretta Hammond, culturally responsive pedagogy can help students build intellective capacity. Intellective capacity is also referred to as:
a. High IQ
b. Fluid intelligence
c. Low capacity
d. Low ability
Answer: Fluid intelligence
37. The four practice areas of culturally responsive teaching are:
a. Awareness, learning partnerships, information processing, and community building b. Reformation, conformity, community building, and racialization
c. all the stated responses are correct and applicable
d. all the stated responses are not correct
38. The term cultural archetypes refers to:
a. Collectivism and Individualism
b Racialization and Inclusion
c. Implicit Bias
d. Stereotypes
Correct answer: a. Collectivism and Individualism
39. Three specific structures of the limbic brain help manage memories and emotions. One of them is the Thalamus. The function of the thalamus is:
a. It acts as the brain’s communication dispatch hub.
b. It acts as a sensory system
c. It acts as the brain dispatch hub
d. All the stated answers are correct.
Correct answer: a. It acts as the brain’s communication dispatch hub.
40. Which of the three limbic brain structures is the brain’s background knowledge bank and houses the short-term memory system?
a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Amygdala
d. All the stated answers are correct and applicable.
Correct answer: b. Hippocampus
41. Our background information is stored in:
a. Long-term memory
b. Short-term memory
c. Hippocampus
d. All the stated answers are correct and applicable.
Correct answer: a. Long-term memory
42. Which of the three limbic brain structures acts as the brain’s guard dog? a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Amygdala
d. All the stated responses are not correct
Correct answer: c. Amygdala