Engineering Biology Course Summary

Engineering Biology Course Outcomes

After completing the course, students will be able to:

  • CO1: Develop a foundation in biological principles related to engineering biology.

  • CO2: Describe and apply knowledge of cell structure and function.

  • CO3: Explain the development processes for support devices and artificial organs.

  • CO4: Analyze properties and ethical considerations of biomaterials.

Module I: Introduction to Engineering Biology

  • Biological Principles: Biology encompasses life studies, cellular structure, function, genetic information (DNA and RNA), metabolism, evolution, biodiversity, and ecological interactions.

  • Cell Theory: Cells are life’s fundamental unit, classified as prokaryotic (e.g., bacteria) and eukaryotic (e.g., plants, animals).

  • Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal conditions despite outside changes, critical for species survival.

  • Applications in Engineering: Include biotechnology (e.g., insulin production using bacteria), environmental engineering (bioremediation), and medical devices development.

Module II: Physiological Support Devices and Artificial Organ Development

  • Physiological Support Devices: Help to maintain or replace organ function, improve life quality, and manage chronic diseases (e.g., dialysis for kidney failure).

  • Artificial Organs: Engineered devices like artificial kidneys and hearts, facing challenges like biocompatibility, durability, and integration with biological systems.

  • Key Technologies: Include bioprinting and biomimicking strategies for design.

Biomaterials in Artificial Organ Development

  • Biomaterials: Synthetic materials that replace or restore tissue functions; crucial for organ regeneration. Key properties include bio-compatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and non-toxicity.

  • Types of Biomaterials: Include metals, polymers, ceramics, and natural biomaterials (e.g., collagen, alginate).

  • Applications: Comprise orthopedic implants, cardiac devices, wound healing, and drug delivery systems.

Ethical Considerations in Engineering Biology

  • Access and Equity: The risk of social stratification in organ production might exacerbate health inequities.

  • Ownership Issues: Ownership and regulatory challenges arise from bioprinting technologies and the ethical treatment of animal models.

Biomimicking in Device Design

  • Biomimicry: Harnessing nature's designs in technology (e.g., Velcro, shark skin). Applications include surgical tools, energy-efficient systems, and self-healing materials.

  • Advances in Biomaterials: Innovations like 3D bioprinting for customized scaffolds aligning with biological processes enhance regenerative medicine.

Summary

This course encapsulates essential knowledge and application of biological principles in engineering, focusing on devices and materials that support or replace human functions, emphasizing the need for ethical practices and sustainable innovations in biotechnology.