ap chem final

rate laws:

  • determine the rate law experimentally

  • determine k

  • determine the rate determining step from proposed mechanisms

lewis structures:

  • bond angles

  • isomers

    • molecules with the same formula but different arrangements of atoms

  • structural formula from lewis structure

  • pi and sigma bonds in lewis structure

    • Sigma bonds(σ) are always the first bond between two atoms - a single bond

    • Pi bonds(π) are second and third bonds resulting from the overlap of p orbitals

    single bond

    1 sigma bond

    double bond

    1 sigma, 1 pi bond

    triple bond

    1 sigma, 2 pi bonds

photoelectron spectroscopy:

  • binding energy graphs

formal charges:

  • which structure minimizes charge