The Greek Right

The Greek Right

Overview

  • The Greek political landscape includes significant roles played by the right-wing parties, especially New Democracy and the more radical factions.

  • As of the May 2015 elections, New Democracy is trailing Syriza in polls.

Election Context

  • Attention is drawn to various significant European elections in 2015.

  • A notable incident involved a "Republican march" in Paris, displaying European political leaders' solidarity amid angry electorates.

    • Prime Minister Antonis Samaras of Greece participated in this march to signify his stance in the election campaign against Syriza.

    • There was controversy regarding the inclusion of far-right figures in this march, with Marine Le Pen of the National Front demanding recognition.

Historical Background

Post-War Political Landscape

  • Post-war Europe witnessed the formation of Christian Democracy as a broad coalition inclusive of various right-wing factions.

  • In Greece, the left faced significant repression following the Greek Civil War, leading to three decades of political violence and the illegality of left-wing movements.

Key Events

  • The assassination of leftist politician Grigoris Lambrakis exemplified the violent tactics of the Greek right, which involved both state and non-state actors.

  • The 1967 military coup marked a peak of anti-communist sentiment, supported by oligarchs and foreign powers.

    • This period concluded with the fall of the junta in 1974, opening a path for new political dynamics.

New Democracy Party

Formation and Characteristics

  • Founded by Konstantinos Karamanlis as a response to the political turbulence post-1974.

  • Characterized by old-style, paternalistic politics and a mix of economic liberalism alongside nationalistic and anti-communist rhetoric.

  • The party has shifted ideologically, struggling between neoliberal commitments and nationalist sentiments.

Internal Divisions

  • The party has seen splits between traditional conservatives and neoliberal factions, illustrated by the temporary departure of Dora Bakoyannis.

  • Leadership under Samaras has intensified national-chauvinist tendencies, particularly since the rise of anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe.

The Right-Wing Landscape in Greece

Fragmentation and Emergence of New Forces

  • The fragmentation of the Christian Democratic umbrella allows for the rise of a variety of right-wing movements, some viewing outright fascism as a legitimate political path.

  • The Independent Greeks and the Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS) reflect evolving right-wing sentiments.

    • Notable shifts include overlap between LAOS members and New Democracy, with figures like Makis Voridis joining the party despite extreme backgrounds.

Anti-Immigration Politics

  • Samaras has capitalized on xenophobic sentiment, emphasizing border control as a key campaign issue.

  • Alarming instances of violence against immigrants highlight the escalation of right-wing rhetoric and action in the context of economic strain.

Challenges to Democracy

Potential Outcomes of Elections

  • Concerns about the transition of right-wing rhetoric into action if the Nazis of Golden Dawn gain electoral support.

  • The intersections of far-right movements with mainstream politics signify potential risks to democratic processes in Greece.

Role of the European Union

  • The EU's bureaucratic measures maintain pressure on Syriza’s potential left-wing reforms, reflecting broader trends of getting tougher against radical movements.

  • Political solidarity among EU leaders exemplifies a broad acceptance of right-wing sentiments within established political frameworks.

Summary of Violence and Tactics

  • Historical parallels drawn between leftist struggles and current forces of the right emphasize the necessity to critically analyze the resurgence of extreme political methods.

Conclusion

  • Wider implications of the resurgence of right politics in Greece echo across Europe, depicting a complex interaction between history, electoral politics, and societal tensions.