Naming Bonds + Writing Neutral Compounds

  • Ionic Bonds - Transfer electrons, atoms create electrostatic bond because of their opposite charges.

    • Usually metals and nonmetals, can be polyatomic ions like ammonium (NH4+) or sulfate ( SO42-)

  • Ionic Naming Scheme: Cation and then Anion. If metal and has different charges, use parentheses and charge after. Ex: Lead (II) Chloride

  • Covalent Bonds: Atoms share electrons because ionization energy on the atoms too high for one to completely take one.

    • Usually nonmetals

  • Covalent naming system:

    • Use prefixes: mono, di, try, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, septa, octa, nona, deca. “mono” is never used for the first element

    • Last elements ending is -ide

    • Double vowels with an i are ok

      • If there are other double vowels, drop a vowel from the prefix

  • Metallic Bonds

    • Electrons are “detached” from atoms and create a sea of electrons

  • Cations: Positive Ions

  • Anions: Negative Ions

  • Monatomic Ions: Consist of one element

  • Polyatomic Ion: Consist of one or more elements

  • Diatomic Elements: Elements that come in a pair. HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER

    • H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2

  • Neutral Compounds: Electrically neutral, charges council out, not necessarily in 1:1 ratio.

    • Use crossing over method.

      • Ex: Barium Flouride: Ba2+ and F- becomes BaF2

      • Transition metals: You can find transition metals charge if given formula. Ex: AuO. Charge of Au .is 2+ because O is a 2-. Because they are cancel out you reduce. This is Gold (II) Oxide.

      • Simplify subscripts: Ex: AuO. Charge of Au .is 2+ because O is a 2-. Because they are cancel out you reduce. This is Gold (II) Oxide.