U.S. History Exam #1

Indigenous People & Explorers

  • Indigenous → proper name for Native Americans

    • Often their nations names were given by the British

    • large differences between the different nations

    • oral traditions

    • Indian removal → trail of tears

    • gender roles

    • were often democratic (everyone had a voice)

    • Pre-Columbus the population was around 10 million

      • goes down around a quarter

      • Stereotypes and myths

  • Pre-contact population = 10 million

    • differences also depends on geography

    • eastern woodlands

      • eat of Mississippi river

    • John White

      • documented indigenous people

      • flora and fauna

      • Secoton

        • village John White documented

  • John White Watercolor → Indian Village

    • no guns or metal

    • men dancing

    • food preparation

    • structured agriculture

    • pathways

    • person scarecrow

    • deemed them uncivilized in Europe

      • language, lifestyle differences, clothing, religion

    • Corn, squash

    • some men waiting to participate

    • fire and totums

    • bows and arrows

    • fences

    • accurate for the most part

    • communal

    • huts (made of woven grass)

    • built structures

    • water source (irrigation)

    • cut aways in homes

  • Explorers = why? (Gold, God, Glory)

    • fast route to Asia

    • Adventure + new knowledge

    • spreading religion

    • glory + fame

    • gold + other riches

    • freedom from persecution

    • empire + conquest

    • new land + opportunity

  • Spanish, French, British (3 Main Groups)

    • Spanish Empire (1500s)

      • location: southwest & southeast

      • source of wealth: gold + resources

      • types of settlers: small size, soldiers, priests = Catholics → want to wipe out indigenous cultures

      • Indian relations: Bad, try to conquer

    • French Empire (1600s)

      • location: Canada/Louisiana

      • type of wealth: fur + fish

      • settlers: men → trappers, priests, fishermen, merchants

      • Indian relations: good, wanted to learn about them and then convert them/trade

    • English Empire (1600s)

      • location: East Coast

        • Virginia

          • Chesapeake Bay

          • Roanoke (1585 - 1589)

            • disappeared → “Lost Colony”

          • Jamestown (1607)

            • founded by Virginia company

            • location: not good (wetland, swamp, marsh) hard to grow things, hard to build things, spooky critters (mosquitos → Malaria, hot/humid, water - “brackish”

            • wealth: tobacco

              • advantages: grows in this climate + soil, high demand, luxury, addictive, different uses

              • disadvantages: ruins soil, quick wealth, weather, one crop, not food, tobacco worms, labor intensive process

            • settlers: men (who want to make money), adventurers, laborers, john smith

        • New England